Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34641190›Full record

ArticlePolymers2021

Poloxamer 407 Based Gel Formulations for Transungual Delivery of Hydrophobic Drugs: Selection and Optimization of Potential Additives.

Kamran Hidayat Ullah, Faisal Raza, Syed Mohsin Munawar, Muhammad Sohail, Hajra Zafar, Mazhar Iqbal Zafar, Tofeeq Ur-Rehman

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Polymers, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed
2.3field-weighted citation impact, top 11% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Kamran Hidayat UllahDepartment of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
Faisal RazaSchool of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.ORCID 0000-0001-5569-3535
Syed Mohsin MunawarDepartment of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
Muhammad SohailSchool of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Shandong 264005, China.
Hajra ZafarSchool of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.ORCID 0000-0002-0606-5783
Mazhar Iqbal ZafarDepartment of Environmental Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
Tofeeq Ur-RehmanDepartment of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.ORCID 0000-0003-4904-1367
Quaid-i-Azam University · PKShanghai Jiao Tong University · CNYantai University · CN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The current study aimed to develop poloxamer 407 (P407) gel for transungual delivery of antifungal hydrophobic drugs with sufficient gel strength and drug loading. Gel strength and drug loading of P407 gel was improved by use of functional additives. Hydration enhancement effect was used to select optimum nail penetration enhancer. Face-centered central composite design (FCCCD) was used to observe the effect of the selected penetration enhancer (thioglycolic acid (TGA)) and cosolvent (ethanol) on gelation behavior to develop formulation with enough loading of hydrophobic drug, i.e., terbinafine HCl (TBN), and its permeation across the nail plate without compromising on gel strength. It was observed that increasing concentration of P407 and TGA significantly reduced gelation temperature and enhanced the gel strength of P407 gel and can be used to improve P407 gel strength. Under the scanning electron microscope, the significant effect of TGA as an ungual penetration enhancer was observed on the morphology of the nail plate. Optimized P407 gel prepared with modified cold method showed a gelation temperature of 8.7 ± 0.16 °C, gel strength of 122 ± 7.5 s and drug loading of 1.2%

Indexed as

hydrogelonychomycosispoloxamer 407 gelpoloxamer 407 polymerTerbinafinetransungual drug deliveryungual penetration enhancer

Identifiers

PMID34641190
PMCPMC8512385
OpenAlexW3207234264

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.