ArticleSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2021
Validation of the Apple Watch for Estimating Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity and Activity Energy Expenditure in School-Aged Children.
Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Wearable-Derived Axis-Specific Motor Signatures of ADHD Symptoms in Children and Adolescents.Biosensors · 2026Article
- Effect of Wearable Activity Tracker Social Behaviors on Physical Activity and Exercise Self-Efficacy: Real-World Pilot Study.JMIR formative research · 2026Article
- ViT-BiLSTM Multimodal Learning for Paediatric ADHD Recognition: Integrating Wearable Sensor Data with Clinical Profiles.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- An Adaptable Phase-Tracking System for Parkinsonian Rest Tremor: Design and In-Clinic Feasibility.IEEE journal of translational engineering in health and medicine · 2025Article
- Associations between wearables vital parameters and self-perceived mood-an ecological momentary assessment study among healthy adolescents.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- Monitoring Activity and Gait in Children (MAGIC) using digital health technologies.Pediatric research · 2024Article
- Examining and Comparing the Energy Expenditure of Two Modes of a Virtual Reality Fitness Game (Supernatural): Indirect Calorimetry Study.JMIR serious games · 2024Article
- Availability of Physical Activity Tracking Data from Wearable Devices for Glaucoma Patients.Information (Basel) · 2023Article
- The Energy a Plastic Surgeon Expends during Liposuction.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2023Article
- "suMus," a novel digital system for arm movement metrics and muscle energy expenditure.Frontiers in physiology · 2023Article
- Assessment of Apple Watch Series 6 pulse oximetry and electrocardiograms in a pediatric population.PLOS digital health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The Apple Watch is one of the most popular wearable devices designed to monitor physical activity (PA). However, it is currently unknown whether the Apple Watch accurately estimates children's free-living PA. Therefore, this study assessed the concurrent validity of the Apple Watch 3 in estimating moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) time and active energy expenditure (AEE) for school-aged children under a simulated and a free-living condition. Twenty elementary school students (Girls: 45%, age: 9.7 ± 2.0 years) wore an Apple Watch 3 device on their wrist and performed prescribed free-living activities in a lab setting. A subgroup of participants (N = 5) wore the Apple Watch for seven consecutive days in order to assess the validity in free-living condition. The K5 indirect calorimetry (K5) and GT3X+ were used as the criterion measure under simulated free-living and free-living conditions, respectively. Mean absolute percent errors (MAPE) and Bland-Altman (BA) plots were conducted to assess the validity of the Apple Watch 3 compared to those from the criterion measures. Equivalence testing determined the statistical equivalence between the Apple Watch and K5 for MVPA time and AEE. The Apple Watch provided comparable estimates for MVPA time (mean bias: 0.3 min,
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.