ArticleJournal of clinical medicine2021
Development of A Surgical Treatment Algorithm for Breast Reconstruction in Poland Syndrome Patients Considering Severity, Sex, and BMI.
Article in Journal of clinical medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Poland Syndrome With Dextrocardia: A Rare Association Leading to Complex Cardiopulmonary Challenges.Clinical case reports · 2026Article
- Implant-Free Breast Volume Restoration Using Abdominal Free Flaps in Nononcologic Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Aesthetic surgery journal. Open forum · 2026Article
- Autologous Breast Reconstruction With Deep Inferior Epigastric Perforator Flap Reconstruction for Poland Syndrome.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2025Article
- Consultations for Poland Syndrome: The Essentials for a Thoracic Surgeon.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Review
- Bilateral Free Deep Inferior Epigastric Artery Perforator Flaps for Reconstruction following Mastectomy in Poland Syndrome Patients.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2023Article
- Body Self-Perception After Breast Reconstruction in Young Female Patients Affected by Poland Syndrome.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionPoland syndrome is a rare, challenging combination of chest wall and breast deformities for reconstructive surgeons and selecting the treatment can prove difficult. This study aims to help surgeons in choosing the best viable option for treatment by sharing our institutional experience and proposing a guiding algorithm.
methodsA retrospective analysis of all patients with Poland syndrome undergoing treatment for breast and chest wall deformities at a single institution between December 2011 and May 2020 was performed. Medical charts were reviewed to allow for a description of patient demographics, treatment modalities and complications. A treatment algorithm to aid in selecting the adequate reconstructive option based on our institutional experience was formulated.
resultsA total of 22 patients (six male, 16 female) were identified who received treatment for Poland Syndrome related deformities. Nine received microsurgical free flap reconstruction (three Deep Inferior Epigastric Perforator flaps, six Transverse Myocutaneous Gracilis flaps), two received reconstruction with a local flap (two Latissimus dorsi flaps), nine received implant based reconstruction, and two were treated with autologous free fat transfer only (17 in combination with other surgical methods).
conclusionFree flap reconstruction with the TMG flap is a valid option for patients with low Body Mass Index (BMI), while Deep Inferior Epigastric Perforator flaps should be considered for patients with a higher BMI. Autologous free fat transfer proves to be a safe and efficient treatment option in mild cases of Poland syndrome for male and female patients, in combination with or without implant based reconstructive surgery. Multicentre studies should be conducted to achieve higher case numbers of this rare disease and support clinical decisions with more data.
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