ReviewInternational journal of environmental research and public health2021
Nonfreezing Cold Injury (Trench Foot).
Review in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Frostbite: diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, and future directions.Military Medical Research · 2026Review
- Enabling molecular signaling with temperature and ionic-strength independence or programmable dependence.Nature communications · 2026Article
- A Disease of the Past in the Present: From Trench Foot to Critical Care With Severe Non-freezing Cold Injury.Cureus · 2025Article
- Man With Leg Pain.Journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians open · 2025Review
- Trench foot: A forgotten entity!Medical journal, Armed Forces India · 2024Article
- Extremity cooling during an arctic diving training exercise.International journal of circumpolar health · 2023Article
- Can iloprost be used for treatment of cold weather injury at the point of wounding in a forward operating environment? A literature review.International journal of circumpolar health · 2023Review
- Efficacy of closed cell wet-suit at various depths and gas mixtures for thermoprotection during military training dives.Frontiers in physiology · 2023Article
- Accidental Hypothermia: 2021 Update.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Review
- Chilblains-Like Lesions in Pediatric Patients: A Review of Their Epidemiology, Etiology, Outcomes, and Treatment.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Nonfreezing cold injury (NFCI) is a modern term for trench foot or immersion foot. Moisture is required to produce a NFCI. NFCI seldom, if ever, results in loss of tissue unless there is also pressure necrosis or infection. Much of the published material regarding management of NFCIs has been erroneously borrowed from the literature on warm water immersion injuries. NFCI is a clinical diagnosis. Most patients with NFCI have a history of losing feeling for at least 30 min and having pain or abnormal sensation on rewarming. Limbs with NFCI usually pass through four 'stages.' cold exposure, post-exposure (prehyperaemic), hyperaemic, and posthyperaemic. Limbs with NFCI should be cooled gradually and kept cool. Amitriptyline is likely the most effective medication for pain relief. If prolonged exposure to wet, cold conditions cannot be avoided, the most effective measures to prevent NFCI are to stay active, wear adequate clothing, stay well-nourished, and change into dry socks at least daily.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.