Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34639689›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2021

Global Gender Disparities in Premature Death from Cardiovascular Disease, and Their Associations with Country Capacity for Noncommunicable Disease Prevention and Control.

Ji Zhang, Yinzi Jin, Peng Jia, Na Li, Zhi-Jie Zheng

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
19citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
4.1field-weighted citation impact, top 6% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

19 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  7. Public Men's Clinic: Men's experiences of healthcare professionals and environment.African journal of primary health care & family medicine · 2025
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  19. Incidence of Sudden Cardiac Death in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review of Cohort Studies.Indian journal of community medicine : official publication of Indian Association of Preventive & Social Medicine
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Ji ZhangDepartment of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.ORCID 0000-0001-7430-366X
Yinzi JinDepartment of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.ORCID 0000-0003-0634-3955
Peng JiaSchool of Resources and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.ORCID 0000-0003-0110-3637
Na LiDepartment of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
Zhi-Jie ZhengDepartment of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
Peking University · CNWuhan University · CN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study aimed to describe the prevalence of gender disparity in cardiovascular disease and explore its association with a country's capacity for controlling noncommunicable diseases. Study data were extracted from the Global Health Estimates, and the Noncommunicable Disease Country Capacity Survey. Age-standardized premature death rates from cardiovascular disease, defined as any death occurring from ages 30 to 70 years, were calculated. Univariate and multivariate general linear regression models were fitted to estimate the correlations between gender disparity and country capacity for noncommunicable disease control. Globally, the premature death rate from cardiovascular diseases was 35.6% higher among men than women in 2000, and the figure hardly changed from 2000 to 2016. The highest gender differences were observed in Europe and high-income countries. The existence of dedicated and multisectoral noncommunicable disease governance bodies and the availability of cardiovascular disease stratification in primary healthcare facilities were positively correlated with gender differences. Conclusively, gender disparities in premature death rates from cardiovascular diseases differed with economic conditions and across geographic regions, with higher relative differences observed in more developed countries. The effects of existing control measures may have plateaued in men but are ongoing among women, especially in more developed countries, widening the gender disparity.

Indexed as

Cardiovascular DiseasesNoncommunicable DiseasesAdultAgedFemaleGlobal HealthHumansIncomeMaleMiddle AgedMortality, Prematurecardiovascular diseasegender disparitynoncommunicable disease controlpremature death

Identifiers

PMID34639689
PMCPMC8507619
OpenAlexW3203078502

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.