ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2021
Socioeconomic Inequalities in Metabolic Syndrome by Age and Gender in a Spanish Working Population.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Worldwide trends in metabolic syndrome from 2000 to 2023: a systematic review and modelling analysis.Nature communications · 2025Pooled it
- Evaluation of the association between mortality and economic status in patients with metabolic syndrome in Korea: a retrospective cohort study using the National Health Screening cohort.Korean journal of family medicine · 2026Article
- Combustible Cigarette Smoking, Electronic Cigarette Use, and Metabolic Syndrome in a Working Population.Epidemiologia (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Interplay of Lifestyle Social Determinants and Isolation in the Risk of Metabolic Syndrome Among Spanish Workers.Cureus · 2026Article
- The prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its economic inequality in an elderly population.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The Impact of Physical Activity on Weight Loss in Relation to the Pillars of Lifestyle Medicine-A Narrative Review.Nutrients · 2025Review
- 2025 Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics: A Report of US and Global Data From the American Heart Association.Circulation · 2025Review
- Risk of Insulin Resistance in 44,939 Spanish Healthcare Workers: Association with Sociodemographic Variables and Healthy Habits.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and Hypertriglyceridemic Waist Based on Sociodemographic Variables and Healthy Habits in Healthcare Workers: A Retrospective Study.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- A predictive model for metabolic syndrome in a community-based population with sleep apnea: a secondary prevention screening tool using simple and accessible indicators.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- The mediating effect of sleep duration on metabolic syndrome severity in adults: a structural equation modeling approach.BMC endocrine disorders · 2024Article
- Article
- 2024 Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics: A Report of US and Global Data From the American Heart Association.Circulation · 2024Review
- [Metabolic morbidity in the prison population of Catalonia, Spain].Atencion primaria · 2023Observational
- Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2023 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association.Circulation · 2023Review
- Sex-Related Effects of Gut Microbiota in Metabolic Syndrome-Related Diabetic Retinopathy.Microorganisms · 2023Review
- Socioeconomic inequalities in metabolic syndrome and its components in a sample of Iranian Kurdish adults.Epidemiology and health · 2023Article
- Social inequalities in multimorbidity patterns in Europe: A multilevel latent class analysis using the European Social Survey (ESS).SSM - population health · 2022Article
- Effect of a Community Gerontology Program on the Control of Metabolic Syndrome in Mexican Older Adults.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Social Group Differences in the Exposure Risk of COVID-19: A Case Study in Beijing, China.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Lower socio-economic status (SES) is significantly associated with metabolic syndrome (MS) prevalence, possibly affecting women more than men, although evidence in Spain is still limited. The present cross-sectional study analyzed the association between MS and SES by age and gender among 42,146 working adults living in the Balearic Islands (Spain). Prevalence was higher in men (9.4% by ATP-III; 12.3% by IDF) than women (3.8% by ATP-III; 5.7% by IDF) and in the lower social class (7.9% by ATP-III; 10.7% by IDF) than the higher (4.1% by ATP-III; 5.9% by IDF). The SES gradient in MS prevalence was larger in women (PR 95% CI: 3.38, 2.50-4.58 by ATP-III; 3.06, 2.43-3.86 by IDF) than in men (1.23, 1.06-1.41 by ATP-III; 1.15, 1.03-1.30 by IDF) and was already evident from early adulthood, reaching the highest ratio at the late stages of middle adulthood (4.34, 1.11-16.98). Among men, it was significant during the late stages of early adulthood only (1.80, 1.19-2.73). Lower SES influenced MS prevalence in both genders, however, women seemed more affected than men. From a public health perspective, SES could be strongly associated with the burden of MS; in an effort to reduce its prevalence, public health policies should focus on gender differences in socio-economic inequality and consider women with low socio-economic resources as a priority.
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