ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2021
The Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 21: Development and Validation of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 8-Item in Psychiatric Patients and the General Public for Easier Mental Health Measurement in a Post COVID-19 World.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 95 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
95 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Exploring global efforts in mental health screening and early detection.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Is stress different in infertile women and men? A systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2025Pooled it
- The global prevalence of depression, anxiety, and sleep disorder among patients coping with Post COVID-19 syndrome (long COVID): a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- Celiac disease and COVID-19 in adults: A systematic review.PloS one · 2023Pooled it
- Crocus Sativus for Insomnia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Effect of radial extracorporeal shockwave therapy combined with evidence-based physical therapy for adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder: A randomized controlled trial.Saudi medical journal · 2025Trial
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- The Arabic Generalized Anxiety Disorder 2 (GAD-2): Psychometric evaluation among mothers of children with intellectual disabilities.Dialogues in clinical neuroscience · 2026Article
- Building a resilient oncology workforce in the Asia-Pacific: From outcomes to systems thinking in workforce well-being.Asia-Pacific journal of oncology nursing · 2026Article
- Perceived Social Support and Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Symptoms Among Adults Receiving Mental Health Care in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Psychometric Analyses of the Italian 8-Item, 9-Item, and 12-Item Versions of the Depression, Stress and Anxiety Scale.Evaluation & the health professions · 2026Article
- Long-term impact of COVID-19 on haemophilia: a multicenter study in Southwest China.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
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- Assessment of Mental Health in Healthcare Personnel: A Review of DASS, MBI, and Zung Scales.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- In Search of a Global Distress Measurement Instrument for Perinatal Use: Testing Depression Anxiety Stress Scales Short Forms with Swedish Pregnant and Postpartum Women.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Exposure to Conflict-Related News and Psychological Distress Among Nursing Students: The Mediating Role of Sleep Difficulties and Study Disruption.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Happiness Measured by a Single Item: Psychometric Evaluation of the Arabic Version of Fordyce Global Happiness Scale Among University Students and Mothers of Children With Intellectual Disabilities.International journal of methods in psychiatric research · 2026Article
- Agreement among brief patient health questionnaire (PHQ) versions for measuring symptoms of depression in the Brazilian national health survey (PNS).Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Impact of Childhood Family Conflict on Adolescents' Startle Reactivity to Threat: The Moderating Role of Sensory Processing Sensitivity.Journal of adolescence · 2026Article
35 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Despite extensive investigations of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21) since its development in 1995, its factor structure and other psychometric properties still need to be firmly established, with several calls for revising its item structure. Employing confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), this study examined the factor structure of the DASS-21 and five shortened versions of the DASS-21 among psychiatric patients (N = 168) and the general public (N = 992) during the COVID-19 confinement period in Saudi Arabia. Multigroup CFA, Mann Whitney W test, Spearman's correlation, and coefficient alpha were used to examine the shortened versions of the DASS-21 (DASS-13, DASS-12, DASS-9 (two versions), and DASS-8) for invariance across age and gender groups, discriminant validity, predictive validity, item coverage, and internal consistency, respectively. Compared with the DASS-21, all three-factor structures of the shortened versions expressed good fit, with the DASS-8 demonstrating the best fit and highest item loadings on the corresponding factors in both samples (χ
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