ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2021
Improving CAR T-Cell Persistence.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 71 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
71 citing papers in PubMed.
- Recent advancements and persisting challenges in the evolution of next generation car t cell therapy for solid malignancies: a comprehensive review.Immunologic research · 2026Review
- Next-generation LMP2A-targeting TCR-recombinant T cells with inducible IL-18 expression to treat EBV-associated malignancies.Molecular therapy. Oncology · 2026Article
- A Comprehensive Evaluation of CAR-T Cell Gene Therapy, Tracing its Revolutionary Clinical Breakthroughs and Advancements Towards Next-Generation Engineering.Expert reviews in molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Auto-inducible expression of chimeric antigen receptor T cells using the NR4A1 promoter.Immunology and cell biology · 2026Article
- Application of CAR-T therapy in solid tumors: current opportunities and challenges.Cancer gene therapy · 2026Review
- Emerging immune checkpoint targets and combination strategies in blood cancer immunotherapy.Annals of hematology · 2026Review
- Asiaticoside enhances the antitumor efficacy of MSLN-targeted CAR-T cells in ovarian cancer.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Next-generation CAR-T and CAR-NK cell therapies in hematologic malignancies: engineering for persistence, specificity, and safety.Discover oncology · 2026Review
- RIG-I agonists promote antigen-spreading and facilitate durable CAR-T responses in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- CAR-engineered cell therapies: current understandings and future perspectives.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- Real-world insights into genomic reprogramming during CAR-T cell manufacturing in India.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Harnessing cellular immunotherapy for cholangiocarcinoma: an integrated roadmap for overcoming resistance.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Mechanism and intervention strategy of thymus atrophy in cancer immunotherapy.American journal of cancer research · 2026Review
- Next-generation CAR-T cells design: leveraging tumor features for enhanced efficacy.Molecular cancer · 2025Review
- Target antigen-displaying extracellular vesicles boost CAR T cell efficacy in cell and mouse models of neuroblastoma.Science translational medicine · 2025Article
- Application of nanobody‑based CAR‑T in tumor immunotherapy (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2025Review
- Limitations of CAR-T-Cell Therapy in Hematologic Malignancies: Focusing on Antigen Escape and T-Cell Dysfunction.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Current status of chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy and its exhaustion mechanism.Immunotherapy · 2025Review
- Evaluation of in vivo CAR transgene levels in tisagenlecleucel-treated patients with relapsed/refractory B-ALL and DLBCL.Blood advances · 2025Article
- Structure-guided engineering of CD112 receptor variants for optimized immunotherapy.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2025Article
11 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Over the last decade remarkable progress has been made in enhancing the efficacy of CAR T therapies. However, the clinical benefits are still limited, especially in solid tumors. Even in hematological settings, patients that respond to CAR T therapies remain at risk of relapsing due to several factors including poor T-cell expansion and lack of long-term persistence after adoptive transfer. This issue is even more evident in solid tumors, as the tumor microenvironment negatively influences the survival, infiltration, and activity of T-cells. Limited persistence remains a significant hindrance to the development of effective CAR T therapies due to several determinants, which are encountered from the cell manufacturing step and onwards. CAR design and ex vivo manipulation, including culture conditions, may play a pivotal role. Moreover, previous chemotherapy and lymphodepleting treatments may play a relevant role. In this review, the main causes for decreased persistence of CAR T-cells in patients will be discussed, focusing on the molecular mechanisms underlying T-cell exhaustion. The approaches taken so far to overcome these limitations and to create exhaustion-resistant T-cells will be described. We will also examine the knowledge gained from several key clinical trials and highlight the molecular mechanisms determining T-cell stemness, as promoting stemness may represent an attractive approach to improve T-cell therapies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.