ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2021
What Are Reactive Oxygen Species, Free Radicals, and Oxidative Stress in Skin Diseases?
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07433907 (A Prospective, Randomized, Split-Face Pilot Study Comparing the Efficacy of the Institute of Dermatology's Antioxidant Moisturizing Serum in Mild to Moderate Seborrheic Dermatitis), which is not on this map. Cited by 138 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Prospective, Randomized, Split-Face Pilot Study Comparing the Efficacy of the Institute of Dermatology's Antioxidant Moisturizing Serum in Mild to Moderate Seborrheic Dermatitis
Who cites it
138 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 288 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mitochondria: a breakthrough in combating rheumatoid arthritis.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Extraction, Purification, Structural Characteristics, Biological Activities, and Applications of the Polysaccharides fromMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Pooled it
- Reduction of Ultraviolet- and Heat-Induced Aging Using Betulin-Loaded Arginine-Caprylate Self-Assembly: Randomized Double-Blind Clinical Trials.Skin research and technology : official journal of International Society for Bioengineering and the Skin (ISBS) [and] International Society for Digital Imaging of Skin (ISDIS) [and] International Society for Skin Imaging (ISSI) · 2026Trial
- Did diet compliance and remission reduce oxidative stress in celiac patients?Revista da Associacao Medica Brasileira (1992) · 2024Trial
- Article
- Botanical Origin-Dependent Phytochemical Profiles and Pharmaceutical Properties of Medical-Grade Honeys: Transdermal Delivery and Antibacterial Efficacy in a Wound Fluid Model.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Beyond Inflammation: The Role of Oxidative Stress and Gut-Skin Axis Dysbiosis in the Pathogenesis of Immune-Mediated Skin Disorders and Potential Therapeutic Implications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Research progress on the mechanisms of Panax ginseng and its active components in maintaining skin homeostasis and disease intervention.Chinese medicine · 2026Review
- Investigating the potential of Ulva rigida extracts as a natural anti-aging agent in cosmetics.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Microneedles meet photomedicine: emerging strategies for diagnosis and therapy of skin diseases.Nanoscale advances · 2026Review
- Evaluation of the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory efficacy of fermentedBiochemistry and biophysics reports · 2026Article
- Impact of Antioxidant-Rich Whole Foods or Supplements on Skin Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Preclinical and Clinical Studies.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Anti-Photoaging Effect of Soluble Microneedles Loaded with Hydroxytyrosol.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Design and Factorial Optimization of Curcumin and Resveratrol Co-Loaded Lipid Nanocarriers for Topical Delivery.Pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Emerging Therapeutic Strategies for Nrf2-Associated Skin Disorders: From Photoaging to Autoimmunity.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Article
- Neuroprotective effects of Ershiwuwei Shanhu pills on APP/PS1 mice through antioxidant enhancement, anti-apoptosis, and MAPK pathway regulation.Translational neuroscience · 2026Article
- Reactive oxygen species in skin diseases: pathogenic mechanisms and nanomaterial-based therapeutic strategies.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Review
- Extraction, Purification, Structural Elucidation, and Antioxidant Assessment of the Bioactive Polysaccharides From Xinjiang Dried Apricot.Journal of analytical methods in chemistry · 2026Article
- Skin Aging and Mitochondrial Dysfunction: Structural Changes, Mechanistic Insights, and Therapeutic Perspectives.Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2026Review
78 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Oxygen in the atmosphere is a crucial component for life-sustaining aerobic respiration in humans. Approximately 95% of oxygen is consumed as energy and ultimately becomes water; however, the remaining 5% produces metabolites called activated oxygen or reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are extremely reactive. Skin, the largest organ in the human body, is exposed to air pollutants, including diesel exhaust fumes, ultraviolet rays, food, xenobiotics, drugs, and cosmetics, which promote the production of ROS. ROS exacerbate skin aging and inflammation, but also function as regulators of homeostasis in the human body, including epidermal keratinocyte proliferation. Although ROS have been implicated in various skin diseases, the underlying mechanisms have not yet been elucidated. Current knowledge on ROS-related and oxidative stress-related skin diseases from basic research to clinical treatment strategies are discussed herein. This information may be applied to the future treatment of skin diseases through the individual targeting of the ROS generated in each case via their inhibition, capture, or regulation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.