Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34639036›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2021

Tomatidine and Patchouli Alcohol as Inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Enzymes (3CLpro, PLpro and NSP15) by Molecular Docking and Molecular Dynamics Simulations.

Rafat Zrieq, Iqrar Ahmad, Mejdi Snoussi, Emira Noumi, Marcello Iriti, Fahad D Algahtani, Harun Patel, Mohd Saeed, Munazzah Tasleem, Shadi Sulaiman and 2 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
28citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

28 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. The Antiviral Potential ofMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024
    Pooled it
  2. Disclosing New Insights on Pyrazolo[3,4-Journal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2025
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Synthesis, Characterization, andMedicinal chemistry (Shariqah (United Arab Emirates)) · 2025
    Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Rafat ZrieqDepartment of Public Health, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, University of Ha'il, Ha'il 81451, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0001-8586-7583
Iqrar AhmadDivision of Computer Aided Drug Design, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Maharashtra 425405, India.
Mejdi SnoussiDepartment of Biology, College of Science, University of Ha'il City, P.O. 2440, Ha'il 2440, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0002-2309-2601
Emira NoumiDepartment of Biology, College of Science, University of Ha'il City, P.O. 2440, Ha'il 2440, Saudi Arabia.
Marcello IritiDepartment of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-5063-1236
Fahad D AlgahtaniDepartment of Public Health, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, University of Ha'il, Ha'il 81451, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0003-1247-9154
Harun PatelDivision of Computer Aided Drug Design, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Maharashtra 425405, India.
Mohd SaeedDepartment of Biology, College of Science, University of Ha'il City, P.O. 2440, Ha'il 2440, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0003-3443-386X
Munazzah TasleemSchool of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China.ORCID 0000-0002-4811-2154
Shadi SulaimanDepartment of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Ha'il, Ha'il 81451, Saudi Arabia.
Kaïss AouadiDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia.
Adel KadriDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts of Baljurashi, Albaha University, Al Bahah 65731, Saudi Arabia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Considering the current dramatic and fatal situation due to the high spreading of SARS-CoV-2 infection, there is an urgent unmet medical need to identify novel and effective approaches for prevention and treatment of Coronavirus disease (COVID 19) by re-evaluating and repurposing of known drugs. For this, tomatidine and patchouli alcohol have been selected as potential drugs for combating the virus. The hit compounds were subsequently docked into the active site and molecular docking analyses revealed that both drugs can bind the active site of SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro, PLpro, NSP15, COX-2 and PLA2 targets with a number of important binding interactions. To further validate the interactions of promising compound tomatidine, Molecular dynamics study of 100 ns was carried out towards 3CLpro, NSP15 and COX-2. This indicated that the protein-ligand complex was stable throughout the simulation period, and minimal backbone fluctuations have ensued in the system. Post dynamic MM-GBSA analysis of molecular dynamics data showed promising mean binding free energy 47.4633 ± 9.28, 51.8064 ± 8.91 and 54.8918 ± 7.55 kcal/mol, respectively. Likewise, in silico ADMET studies of the selected ligands showed excellent pharmacokinetic properties with good absorption, bioavailability and devoid of toxicity. Therefore, patchouli alcohol and especially, tomatidine may provide prospect treatment options against SARS-CoV-2 infection by potentially inhibiting virus duplication though more research is guaranteed and secured.

Indexed as

Antiviral AgentsCoronavirus 3C ProteasesCoronavirus Papain-Like ProteasesCOVID-19COVID-19 Drug TreatmentEndoribonucleasesEnzyme InhibitorsHumansMolecular Docking SimulationMolecular Dynamics SimulationSARS-CoV-2SesquiterpenesTomatineViral Nonstructural Proteins3C-like proteinase, SARS-CoV-2Antiviral AgentsCoronavirus 3C ProteasesCoronavirus Papain-Like ProteasesEndoribonucleasesEnzyme Inhibitorsnidoviral uridylate-specific endoribonucleasepapain-like protease, SARS-CoV-2patchouli alcoholSesquiterpenestomatidineTomatineViral Nonstructural ProteinsADMETCOVID-19docking studydrug repurposingdynamic simulationpatchouli alcoholtomatidine

Identifiers

PMID34639036
PMCPMC8509278

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.