ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2021
Abscopal Effect of Radiotherapy Enhanced with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors of Triple Negative Breast Cancer in 4T1 Mammary Carcinoma Model.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- The mechanism of breast cancer stem cells and tumor microenvironment promoting radioresistance in breast cancer and its intervention strategies.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Roadmap for the implementation of particle minibeam therapy.Medical physics · 2026Review
- ROS Self-Supply Nanoplatform Based on Fenton Catalyst for Chemodynamic and Immunotherapy: Reprogramming Cold Tumor Into Hot Tumor in Cancer Treatment.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- The Impacts of Local Anesthetics and Surgical Trauma on Immunity.Veterinary medicine international · 2026Review
- Lanthanide Nanotheranostics in Radiotherapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- The untapped potential of radiation and immunotherapy for hormone receptor-positive breast cancer.NPJ breast cancer · 2025Review
- Evaluating the theranostic potential of ferumoxytol when combined with radiotherapy in a mammary dual tumor mouse model.Medical physics · 2025Article
- Tumor Microenvironment Dynamics of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Under Radiation Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Molecular mechanisms underlying the abscopal effect induced by radiotherapy and its synergistic translational potential with immunotherapy.Therapeutic advances in medical oncology · 2025Review
- Complete Favorable Response after Second-Line Immunotherapy in Stage IV Non-Small Lung Cancer with Visceral Metastases and Operated Brain Metastasis.Journal of personalized medicine · 2024Article
- Article
- Abscopal effect with fever of unknown cause during radiotherapy: Two case reports and review of the literature.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2023Article
- Challenges in the combination of radiotherapy and immunotherapy for breast cancer.Expert review of anticancer therapy · 2023Review
- Mechanisms and Strategies to Overcome PD-1/PD-L1 Blockade Resistance in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.Cancers · 2022Review
- Nanomaterial-assisted CRISPR gene-engineering - A hallmark for triple-negative breast cancer therapeutics advancement.Materials today. Bio · 2022Review
- Novel Implications of Nanoparticle-Enhanced Radiotherapy and Brachytherapy: Z-Effect and Tumor Hypoxia.Metabolites · 2022Review
- An Immune-Related Long Noncoding RNA Pair as a New Biomarker to Predict the Prognosis of Patients in Breast Cancer.Frontiers in genetics · 2022Article
- Harnessing immunomodulation during DNA damage in Ewing sarcoma.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Review
- Updates in combined approaches of radiotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors for the treatment of breast cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Review
- Temporal dynamics of mesenchymal stem cell administration influence immune modulation in a 4T1 breast cancer model.Cell transplantationArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Local radiotherapy (RT) is important to manage metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Although RT primarily reduces cancer cells locally, this control can be enhanced by triggering the immune system via immunotherapy. RT and immunotherapy may lead to an improved systemic effect, known as the abscopal effect. Here, we analyzed the antitumor effect of combination therapy using RT with an anti-programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) antibody in primary tumors, using poorly immunogenic metastatic mouse mammary carcinoma 4T1 model. Mice were injected subcutaneously into both flanks with 4T1 cells, and treatment was initiated 12 days later. Mice were randomly assigned to three treatment groups: (1) control (no treatment with RT or immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)), (2) RT alone, and (3) RT+ICI. The same RT dose was prescribed in both RT-alone and RT+ICI groups as 10Gy/fx in two fractions and delivered to only one of the two tumor burdens injected at both sides of flanks. In the RT+ICI group, 200 µg fixed dose of PD-1 antibody was intraperitoneally administered concurrently with RT. The RT and ICI combination markedly reduced tumor cell growth not only in the irradiated site but also in non-irradiated sites, a typical characteristic of the abscopal effect. This was observed only in radiation-sensitive cancer cells. Lung metastasis development was lower in RT-irradiated groups (RT-only and RT+ICI groups) than in the non-irradiated group, regardless of the radiation sensitivity of tumor cells. However, there was no additive effect of ICI on RT to control lung metastasis, as was already known regarding the abscopal effect. The combination of local RT with anti-PD-1 blockade could be a promising treatment strategy against metastatic TNBC. Further research is required to integrate our results into a clinical setting.
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