Trial reportInternational journal of molecular sciences2021
Interleukin-9 Facilitates Osteoclastogenesis in Rheumatoid Arthritis.
Trial report in International journal of molecular sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global but not myeloid lineage-directed Girk3 deletion increases bone mass in female mice.JBMR plus · 2025Article
- Decoding pathogenic MMP9 variants in rheumatoid arthritis using computational and molecular dynamics approaches.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Association of 41 Inflammatory Cytokines With Common Oral Diseases.International dental journal · 2025Article
- MAM-STAT3-Driven Mitochondrial CaAdvanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Functional roles of immune cells in osteoporosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Targeting Th9 cells in autoimmune diseases: a narrative review.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Article
- Review
- The impact of age and sex on the inflammatory response during bone fracture healing.JBMR plus · 2024Article
- Article
- Negative impact of Interleukin-9 on synovial regulatory T cells in rheumatoid arthritis.Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.) · 2023Article
- Review
- Are comorbidities associated with the cytokine/chemokine profile of persistent apical periodontitis?Clinical oral investigations · 2023Article
- Mechanistic insight of interleukin-9 induced osteoclastogenesis.Immunology · 2023Article
- Role of ceRNA network in inflammatory cells of rheumatoid arthritis.Zhong nan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Central South University. Medical sciences · 2023Article
- Leveraging mice with diverse microbial exposures for advances in osteoimmunology.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
- Assessment of bidirectional relationships between circulating cytokines and periodontitis: Insights from a mendelian randomization analysis.Frontiers in genetics · 2023Article
- Th2 Cytokines (Interleukin-5 and -9) Polymorphism Affects the Response to Anti-TNF Treatment in Polish Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Migration and homeostasis of regulatory T cells in rheumatoid arthritis.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Mechanism of Emodin in the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis.Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), inflammatory cytokines play a pivotal role in triggering abnormal osteoclastogenesis leading to articular destruction. Recent studies have demonstrated enhanced levels of interleukin-9 (IL-9) in the serum and synovial fluid of patients with RA. In RA, strong correlation has been observed between tissue inflammation and IL-9 expression in synovial tissue. Therefore, we investigated whether IL-9 influences osteoclastogenesis in patients with RA. We conducted the study in active RA patients. For inducing osteoclast differentiation, mononuclear cells were stimulated with soluble receptor activator of NF-kB ligand (sRANKL) and macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) in the presence or absence of recombinant (r) IL-9. IL-9 stimulation significantly enhanced M-CSF/sRANKL-mediated osteoclast formation and function. Transcriptome analysis revealed differential gene expression induced with IL-9 stimulation in the process of osteoclast differentiation. IL-9 mainly modulates the expression of genes, which are involved in the metabolic pathway. Moreover, we observed that IL-9 modulates the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which are critical players in bone degradation. Our results indicate that IL-9 has the potential to influence the structural damage in the RA by promoting osteoclastogenesis and modulating the expression of MMPs. Thus, blocking IL-9 pathways might be an attractive immunotherapeutic target for preventing bone degradation in RA.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.