ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2021
Inhibition of APE1/Ref-1 for Neovascular Eye Diseases: From Biology to Therapy.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- APE1/Ref-1: multifunctional biology, selective inhibition, and the path to clinical translation.Expert opinion on therapeutic targets · 2026Review
- An APE1 Redox Inhibitor Attenuates Pathological Retinal Vascularization by Suppressing FGF2 Angiogenic Signaling.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Long-acting fenofibrate-loaded microparticles for treating retinal disorders.International journal of pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Computational Simulation of the Bioactivity of Selected Compounds Derived From the Sapium and Salvias Genera as Anticancer Agents.BioMed research international · 2026Article
- APE1/Ref-1 inhibition via APX3330 lowers monocyte/macrophage infiltration without ameliorating the structure and function of dystrophic mdx hindlimb muscles.Physiological reports · 2025Article
- Ref-1 redox activity modulates canonical Wnt signaling in endothelial cells.Redox biology · 2025Article
- Ref-1 redox activity regulates retinal neovascularization by modulating transcriptional activation of HIF-1α.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2025Article
- Ref-1 is overexpressed in neovascular eye disease and targetable with a novel inhibitor.Angiogenesis · 2025Article
- The Role of HIF-1α in Retinopathy of Prematurity: A Review of Current Literature.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Regulatory factors of Nrf2 in age-related macular degeneration pathogenesis.International journal of ophthalmology · 2024Review
- Bridging population pharmacokinetic and semimechanistic absorption modeling of APX3330.CPT: pharmacometrics & systems pharmacology · 2024Article
- Revisiting Two Decades of Research Focused on Targeting APE1 for Cancer Therapy: The Pros and Cons.Cells · 2023Review
- Quinones as Neuroprotective Agents.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Beyond VEGF: Targeting Inflammation and Other Pathways for Treatment of Retinal Disease.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2023Review
- ABCA1 deficiency contributes to podocyte pyroptosis priming via the APE1/IRF1 axis in diabetic kidney disease.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Systemic Cytokines in Retinopathy of Prematurity.Journal of personalized medicine · 2023Review
- Identification of Novel Pathways Regulated by APE1/Ref-1 in Human Retinal Endothelial Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Irisin Attenuates Pathological Neovascularization in Oxygen-Induced Retinopathy Mice.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2022Article
- Alcohol and Head and Neck Cancer: Updates on the Role of Oxidative Stress, Genetic, Epigenetics, Oral Microbiota, Antioxidants, and Alkylating Agents.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- RelA Is an Essential Target for Enhancing Cellular Responses to the DNA Repair/Ref-1 Redox Signaling Protein and Restoring Perturbated Cellular Redox Homeostasis in Mouse PDAC Cells.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nvAMD), retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and other eye diseases are characterized by retinal and/or choroidal neovascularization, ultimately causing vision loss in millions of people worldwide. nvAMD and PDR are associated with aging and the number of those affected is expected to increase as the global median age and life expectancy continue to rise. With this increase in prevalence, the development of novel, orally bioavailable therapies for neovascular eye diseases that target multiple pathways is critical, since current anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatments, delivered by intravitreal injection, are accompanied with tachyphylaxis, a high treatment burden and risk of complications. One potential target is apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1/reduction-oxidation factor 1 (APE1/Ref-1). The multifunctional protein APE1/Ref-1 may be targeted via inhibitors of its redox-regulating transcription factor activation activity to modulate angiogenesis, inflammation, oxidative stress response and cell cycle in neovascular eye disease; these inhibitors also have neuroprotective effects in other tissues. An APE1/Ref-1 small molecule inhibitor is already in clinical trials for cancer, PDR and diabetic macular edema. Efforts to develop further inhibitors are underway. APE1/Ref-1 is a novel candidate for therapeutically targeting neovascular eye diseases and alleviating the burden associated with anti-VEGF intravitreal injections.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.