ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2021
Growth Factors, PI3K/AKT/mTOR and MAPK Signaling Pathways in Colorectal Cancer Pathogenesis: Where Are We Now?
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 238 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
238 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 374 citations in OpenAlex.
- The differential diagnosis of adrenocortical tumors: systematic review of Ki-67 and IGF2 and meta-analysis of Ki-67.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Copanlisib in combination with nivolumab formicrosatellite stable colorectal cancer: a phase 1/2 trial.Nature communications · 2026Trial
- Phytochemical study ofPharmaceutical biology · 2026Article
- Synthetic Heparan Sulfate-like Oligosaccharides as Tools to Decipher Growth Factor Recognition.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2026Article
- Article
- PI3K/AKT signaling pathway: molecular crossroads in tumorigenesis and therapeutic innovation.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Peripubertal Exposure to Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) Triggers Follicle Activation, Probably Leading to "Burnout" by Stimulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR/AMPK Signaling Pathway.Physiological research · 2026Article
- Cancer Stem Cells in Colorectal Cancer: From Molecular Mechanisms to Diagnosis, Prognosis and Therapy Implications.Cancers · 2026Review
- Associations Between Human Exposure to SubstitutedToxics · 2026Article
- Large-scale, interpretable gene regulatory network inference through biologically informed matrix factorization.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Review
- CCDC137 affects sorafenib resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma cells by activating the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026Article
- PLOD1 Drives Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Progression Through P4HA2-Mediated Activation of the FAK/PI3K/AKT/mTOR Axis.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Insulin Resistance and Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Narrative Review of Molecular Mechanisms.Iranian journal of medical sciences · 2026Review
- Emerging New Pathways in Malignant Neoplasms and Neurodegenerative Disorders: Perspectives for Therapeutics.Cells · 2026Review
- Evaluation of the Anti-Cancer Effects of KMU-11342 in In Vitro and Ex Vivo Models of Colorectal Cancer.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Hydroquinidine Modulates Histopathological, Inflammatory, Apoptotic, EMT-Related, and PI3K/AKT/mTOR-Associated Markers in a DMH-Induced Rat Model of Colon Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Review
- The Mechanistic Crosstalk between Probiotics, ncRNAs, and Autophagy: Implications for Colorectal Cancer Precision Medicine.Expert reviews in molecular medicine · 2026Review
178 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a predominant malignancy worldwide, being the fourth most common cause of mortality and morbidity. The CRC incidence in adolescents, young adults, and adult populations is increasing every year. In the pathogenesis of CRC, various factors are involved including diet, sedentary life, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, obesity, gut microbiota, diabetes, and genetic mutations. The CRC tumor microenvironment (TME) involves the complex cooperation between tumoral cells with stroma, immune, and endothelial cells. Cytokines and several growth factors (GFs) will sustain CRC cell proliferation, survival, motility, and invasion. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Insulin-like growth factor -1 receptor (IGF-1R), and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor -A (VEGF-A) are overexpressed in various human cancers including CRC. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and all the three major subfamilies of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways may be activated by GFs and will further play key roles in CRC development. The main aim of this review is to present the CRC incidence, risk factors, pathogenesis, and the impact of GFs during its development. Moreover, the article describes the relationship between EGF, IGF, VEGF, GFs inhibitors, PI3K/AKT/mTOR-MAPK signaling pathways, and CRC.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.