ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2021
Three-Dimensional Liver Culture Systems to Maintain Primary Hepatic Properties for Toxicological Analysis In Vitro.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed.
- The effect of rocking speed and cell inoculation density on hepatic spheroid size: A simple method for size modulation.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2026Article
- In Vitro Three-Dimensional Human Liver Model for Drug-Induced Liver and Bile Duct Injury Prediction.Toxics · 2026Article
- An Open-Access Dialysis Membrane-Integrated Microfluidic Device for Generating Drug Exposure Profiles Through Molecular-Weight-Dependent Transport.Micromachines · 2026Article
- Temporal dynamics of thermal warming in brown trout hepatocyte spheroids: ultrastructural and immunocytochemical evidence of cellular remodelling.Cell and tissue research · 2026Article
- Hepatocyte Models for Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: A Comparative Analysis of Non-HepG2 Cell Models.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Measuring Propidium Iodide Brightness as a Function of Viability: A High-Throughput Quantitative Assessment of Hepatic Spheroids.Artificial organs · 2026Article
- Review
- Recent Advances in Three-Dimensional In Vitro Models for Studies of Liver Fibrosis.Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine · 2025Review
- Functional Liver Cell-Based Platforms in Biomedical Research.Pharmacology research & perspectives · 2025Review
- Computational modelling identifies primary mediators of crosstalk between DNA damage and oxidative stress responses.PLoS computational biology · 2025Article
- Advances in liver organoids: replicating hepatic complexity for toxicity assessment and disease modeling.Stem cell research & therapy · 2025Review
- Article
- Article
- Article
- Organophosphate ester flame retardants and plasticizers affect the phenotype and function of HepG2 liver cells.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2024Article
- Advancements in Research on Constructing Physiological and Pathological Liver Models and Their Applications Utilizing Bioprinting Technology.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Deciphering the underlying mechanism of liver diseases through utilization of multicellular hepatic spheroid models.BMB reports · 2023Review
- Drug Metabolism of Hepatocyte-like Organoids and Their Applicability in In Vitro Toxicity Testing.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Toward better drug development: Three-dimensional bioprinting in toxicological research.International journal of bioprinting · 2023Review
- Influence of the physico-chemical bioink composition on the printability and cell biological properties in 3D-bioprinting of a liver tumor cell line.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is the major reason for failures in drug development and withdrawal of approved drugs from the market. Two-dimensional cultures of hepatocytes often fail to reliably predict DILI: hepatoma cell lines such as HepG2 do not reflect important primary-like hepatic properties and primary human hepatocytes (pHHs) dedifferentiate quickly in vitro and are, therefore, not suitable for long-term toxicity studies. More predictive liver in vitro models are urgently required in drug development and compound safety evaluation. This review discusses available human hepatic cell types for in vitro toxicology analysis and their usage in established and emerging three-dimensional (3D) culture systems. Generally, 3D cultures maintain or improve primary hepatic functions (including expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes) of different liver cells for several weeks of culture, thus allowing long-term and repeated-dose toxicity studies. Spheroid cultures of pHHs have been comprehensively tested, but also other cell types such as HepaRG benefit from 3D culture systems. Emerging 3D culture techniques include usage of induced pluripotent stem-cell-derived hepatocytes and primary-like upcyte cells, as well as advanced culture techniques such as microfluidic liver-on-a-chip models. In-depth characterization of existing and emerging 3D hepatocyte technologies is indispensable for successful implementation of such systems in toxicological analysis.
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Registered trials
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