ReviewCancers2021
The Heterogeneity of the Tumor Microenvironment as Essential Determinant of Development, Progression and Therapy Response of Pancreatic Cancer.
Review in Cancers, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Tumor slice cultures enable rapid ex vivo profiling of patient-specific drug sensitivity in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.NPJ precision oncology · 2026Article
- Article
- Engineering oncolytic bacteria as precision cancer therapeutics: design principles, therapeutic strategies, and translational perspectives.Protein & cell · 2026Review
- The hypoxic ECM and neutrophils in MIBC immunotherapy resistance.Nature reviews. Urology · 2026Review
- A Patient-Derived Organ-on-Chip Platform for Modeling the Tumor Microenvironment and Drug Responses in Pancreatic Cancer.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Intratumoral microbiome and pancreatic cancer: an enabling hallmark and path to novel treatments?British journal of cancer · 2026Review
- Informed spatially aware patterns for multiplexed immunofluorescence data.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Article
- Proposing an Optimized Prediction Model for Pancreatic Cancer Based on Mendelian Randomization Analysis of Fibrinogen Levels and Urinary Protein Excretion Rate.Clinical Medicine Insights. Oncology · 2026Article
- Three-Dimensional Tumor Spheroids of Pancreatic and Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines for High-Throughput Screening of Drug Candidates.ACS omega · 2025Article
- Transmission electron microscopic analysis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell spheres formed in 3D cultures.Medical molecular morphology · 2025Article
- Minimally invasive determination of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) subtype by means of circulating cell-free RNA.Molecular oncology · 2025Article
- Tumor-dependent myeloid and lymphoid cell recruitment in genO-BRGSF-HIS mice: a novel tool for evaluating immunotherapies.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- The complex role of macrophages in pancreatic cancer tumor microenvironment: a review on cancer progression and potential therapeutic targets.Discover oncology · 2024Review
- Article
- Understanding and leveraging phenotypic plasticity during metastasis formation.NPJ systems biology and applications · 2023Article
- In vivo label-free optical signatures of chemotherapy response in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patient-derived xenografts.Communications biology · 2023Article
- Cancer-on-chip: a 3D model for the study of the tumor microenvironment.Journal of biological engineering · 2023Review
- Quantitative intravital imaging for real-time monitoring of pancreatic tumor cell hypoxia and stroma in an orthotopic mouse model.Science advances · 2023Article
- Uncovering Tumor-Promoting Roles of Activin A in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is commonly diagnosed at advanced stages and most anti-cancer therapies have failed to substantially improve prognosis of PDAC patients. As a result, PDAC is still one of the deadliest tumors. Tumor heterogeneity, manifesting at multiple levels, provides a conclusive explanation for divergent survival times and therapy responses of PDAC patients. Besides tumor cell heterogeneity, PDAC is characterized by a pronounced inflammatory stroma comprising various non-neoplastic cells such as myofibroblasts, endothelial cells and different leukocyte populations which enrich in the tumor microenvironment (TME) during pancreatic tumorigenesis. Thus, the stromal compartment also displays a high temporal and spatial heterogeneity accounting for diverse effects on the development, progression and therapy responses of PDAC. Adding to this heterogeneity and the impact of the TME, the microbiome of PDAC patients is considerably altered. Understanding this multi-level heterogeneity and considering it for the development of novel therapeutic concepts might finally improve the dismal situation of PDAC patients. Here, we outline the current knowledge on PDAC cell heterogeneity focusing on different stromal cell populations and outline their impact on PDAC progression and therapy resistance. Based on this information, we propose some novel concepts for treatment of PDAC patients.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.