ArticleCancers2021
Evolution of the Tumor Microenvironment toward Immune-Suppressive Seclusion during Brain Metastasis of Breast Cancer: Implications for Targeted Therapy.
Article in Cancers, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Distinct immune landscapes characterize highly versus minimally invasive brain metastases.JCI insight · 2026Article
- Emphysema Shapes a Pro-Inflammatory Immune Microenvironment in Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma: A Pilot Immune Transcriptomic Profiling Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Characterization, immune cell phenotyping and differential gene expression analysis of brain metastases and primary breast cancer samples.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Integrating RNA-seq and scRNA-seq to explore the prognostic features and immune landscape of exosome-related genes in breast cancer metastasis.Annals of medicine · 2025Article
- Biological profile of breast cancer brain metastasis.Acta neuropathologica communications · 2025Review
- Analysis of neuroglia and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment of breast cancer brain metastasis.Cancer biology & therapy · 2024Review
- Identification of a Potential PGK1 Inhibitor with the Suppression of Breast Cancer Cells Using Virtual Screening and Molecular Docking.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Reduction of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in prostate cancer murine models and patients following white button mushroom treatment.Clinical and translational medicine · 2024Article
- Article
- The Tumor Immune Microenvironment in Breast Cancer Progression.Acta oncologica (Stockholm, Sweden) · 2024Review
- SRRM4-mediated REST to REST4 dysregulation promotes tumor growth and neural adaptation in breast cancer leading to brain metastasis.Neuro-oncology · 2024Article
- Molecular signaling network and therapeutic developments in breast cancer brain metastasis.Advances in cancer biology - metastasis · 2023Article
- Review
- Unlocking molecular mechanisms and identifying druggable targets in matched-paired brain metastasis of breast and lung cancers.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Review
- Article
- Rewiring of the Endocrine Network in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Review
- Focal pyroptosis-related genesTranslational cancer research · 2021Article
- PD-L1 expression in breast cancer brain metastases.Neuro-oncology advancesArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the second most common solid malignant tumor that metastasizes to the brain. Despite emerging therapies such as immunotherapy, whether the tumor microenvironment (TME) in breast cancer brain metastasis (BCBM) has potential as a target of new treatments is unclear. Expression profiling of 770 genes in 12 pairs of primary BC and matched brain metastasis (BM) samples was performed using the NanoString nCounter PanCancer IO360
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.