ReviewCancers2021
Immunomodulating Therapies in Breast Cancer-From Prognosis to Clinical Practice.
Review in Cancers, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exploring LTB-mediated T cell differentiation as a prognostic marker in triple-negative breast cancer.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2026Article
- Ganoderma lucidum spore oil with Ganoderma lucidum and Ganoderma sinense extracts (G2SO) shows antitumor and Immunomodulatory effects in mice.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on CD14 + CD16 + monocytes and soluble CD163 in Egyptian breast cancer patients.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Prophylactic and therapeutic vaccine development: advancements and challenges.Molecular biomedicine · 2024Review
- Prognostic Impact of Acute and Chronic Inflammatory Interleukin Signatures in the Tumor Microenvironment of Early Breast Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Advancements in Immunology and Microbiology Research: A Comprehensive Exploration of Key Areas.Microorganisms · 2024Review
- Article
- Occurrence and Management of Immunotherapy-Associated Adverse Events in Patients with Gynecological Cancers.Cancers · 2024Article
- Article
- Expression analysis of lymphocyte subsets and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio: reveling immunosuppression and chronic inflammation in breast cancer.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2024Article
- mRNA vaccines in disease prevention and treatment.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2023Review
- Advances in nanoparticle-based mRNA delivery for liver cancer and liver-associated infectious diseases.Nanoscale horizons · 2022Review
- Prognostic Impact of LAG-3 mRNA Expression in Early Breast Cancer.Biomedicines · 2022Article
- Challenges for Triple Negative Breast Cancer Treatment: Defeating Heterogeneity and Cancer Stemness.Cancers · 2022Review
- HighAnnals of translational medicine · 2022Article
- The paradigm shift in treatment from Covid-19 to oncology with mRNA vaccines.Cancer treatment reviews · 2022Review
- New and Emerging Targeted Therapies for Advanced Breast Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- The clinical significance of circulating tumor cells and T lymphocyte subtypes in pancreatic cancer patients.Bioengineered · 2022Article
- Immunological significance of prognostic markers for breast cancer based on alternative splicing.American journal of translational research · 2022Article
- CD3D Is an Independent Prognostic Factor and Correlates With Immune Infiltration in Gastric Cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The role of the immune system in breast cancer has been debated for decades. The advent of technologies such as next generation sequencing (NGS) has elucidated the crucial interplay between somatic mutations in tumors leading to neoantigens and immune responses with increased tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and improved prognosis of breast cancer patients. In particular, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has a higher mutational burden compared to other breast cancer subtypes. In addition, higher levels of tumor-associated antigens suggest that immunotherapies are a promising treatment option, specifically for TNBC. Indeed, higher concentrations of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes are associated with better prognosis and response to chemotherapy in TNBC. An important target within the cancer immune cell cycle is the "immune checkpoint". Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPis) block the interaction of certain cell surface proteins that act as "brakes" on immune responses. Recent studies have shown that ICPis improve survival in both early and advanced TNBC. However, this comes at the price of increased toxicity, particularly immune-mediated toxicity. As an alternative approach, individualized mRNA vaccination strategies against tumor-associated neoantigens represent another promising approach leading to neoantigen-specific immune responses. These novel strategies should help to improve treatment outcomes, especially for patients with triple negative breast cancer.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.