ReviewCancers2021
AXL Receptor in Cancer Metastasis and Drug Resistance: When Normal Functions Go Askew.
Review in Cancers, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- AXL at the nexus of therapeutic resistance, tumor vascularization, and immune evasion in cancer.iScience · 2026Review
- Anticancer Effects of Cucurbitacin B and Meleagrin Associated with TYRO3 Downregulation in Colorectal Cancer Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- AXL receptor tyrosine kinase regulates Golgi organization and function via an adhesion-Arf1 signalling axis in breast and lung cancer cell lines.Biology open · 2026Article
- RTK AXL and its Isoforms: Regulation and Implications in Cancer.Current medicinal chemistry · 2026Review
- First-in-Human Phase I Clinical Trial of SLC-391, a Novel and Selective AXL Inhibitor, in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumours.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Kaempferols from Echinacea purpurea demonstrate anti-cancer potential by targeting anexelekto in breast cancer therapy using chemoinformatics approach.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- Review
- SFTSV utilizes AXL/GAS6 for entry via PI3K-PLC-dependent macropinocytosis activated by AXL-kinase.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- The Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Axl in (Advanced) Gastric Cancer-From Pathophysiology to Therapeutic Impact.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Review
- Fatty acid uptake activates an AXL-CAV1-β-catenin axis to drive melanoma progression.Genes & development · 2025Article
- Navigating TAM receptor dynamics in tumour immunotherapy.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2025Review
- Proteolysis of TAM receptors in autoimmune diseases and cancer: what does it say to us?Cell death & disease · 2025Review
- AXL signaling in cancer: from molecular insights to targeted therapies.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Review
- Unraveling the Hippo pathway: YAP/TAZ as central players in cancer metastasis and drug resistance.EXCLI journal · 2025Review
- Predicting oxytocin binding dynamics in receptor genetic variants through computational modeling.npj women's health · 2025Article
- Effects of imidazole derivatives on cellular proliferation and apoptosis in myeloid leukemia.BMC cancer · 2024Article
- Network analysis to identify driver genes and combination drugs in brain cancer.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Aberrant activation of AXL may drive progression of squamous cell carcinoma in CLL patients: a mechanistic study with clinical implications.British journal of cancer · 2024Article
- Development of Personalized Strategies for Precisely Battling Malignant Melanoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Pharmacological agents targeting drug-tolerant persister cells in cancer.Pharmacological research · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The TAM proteins TYRO3, AXL, and MER are receptor tyrosine kinases implicated in the clearance of apoptotic debris and negative regulation of innate immune responses. AXL contributes to immunosuppression by terminating the Toll-like receptor signaling in dendritic cells, and suppressing natural killer cell activity. In recent years, AXL has been intensively studied in the context of cancer. Both molecules, the receptor, and its ligand GAS6, are commonly expressed in cancer cells, as well as stromal and infiltrating immune cells. In cancer cells, the activation of AXL signaling stimulates cell survival and increases migratory and invasive potential. In cells of the tumour microenvironment, AXL pathway potentiates immune evasion. AXL has been broadly implicated in the epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity of cancer cells, a key factor in drug resistance and metastasis. Several antibody-based and small molecule AXL inhibitors have been developed and used in preclinical studies. AXL inhibition in various mouse cancer models reduced metastatic spread and improved the survival of the animals. AXL inhibitors are currently being tested in several clinical trials as monotherapy or in combination with other drugs. Here, we give a brief overview of AXL structure and regulation and discuss the normal physiological functions of TAM receptors, focusing on AXL. We present a theory of how epithelial cancers exploit AXL signaling to resist cytotoxic insults, in order to disseminate and relapse.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.