ArticleCancers2021
Clinical and Tumor Characteristics of Patients with High Serum Levels of Growth Differentiation Factor 15 in Advanced Pancreatic Cancer.
Article in Cancers, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07237464 (A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Dose-Escalation Phase I Trial to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Immunogenicity of GB18 Following Single Subcutaneous Injection in Healthy Adult Participants), which is not on this map. Cited by 28 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Dose-Escalation Phase I Trial to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Immunogenicity of GB18 Following Single Subcutaneous Injection in Healthy Adult Participants
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Branched-chain amino acid catabolism is potentially deficient in pancreatic cancer with high-neural invasion.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) in localized pancreatic adenocarcinoma treated with multiagent chemotherapy: a biomarker analysis from the NEOLAP trial (AIO-PAK-0113).ESMO gastrointestinal oncology · 2026Article
- Growth differentiation factor 15: from stress response to clinical utility in chronic liver diseases.Journal of gastroenterology · 2026Review
- Cancer cachexia: molecular basis and therapeutic advances.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- The Oncogenic Role of Serum Marker GDF15 in Promoting Colorectal Tumorigenesis via EMT and Stemness.Stem cells international · 2026Article
- Mechanistic insights into hepatic metastasis of pancreatic cancer: molecular perspectives.Translational gastroenterology and hepatology · 2026Review
- Pleiotropic effects of GDF-15 to regulate nutritional status: perspectives from body composition to nutrition-related disorders.British journal of biomedical science · 2026Review
- New Horizons with Growth Differentiation Factor 15 in Oncology: From Cancer Cachexia and Tumour Immunity to Novel Therapeutic Strategies.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2025Review
- Mapping growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF15)-mediated signaling pathways in cancer: insights into its role across different cancer types.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- Article
- Mechanisms and pharmacotherapy of cancer cachexia-associated anorexia.Pharmacology research & perspectives · 2025Review
- Pan-cancer secreted proteome and skeletal muscle regulation: insight from a proteogenomic data-driven knowledge base.Functional & integrative genomics · 2025Review
- Muscle loss in cancer cachexia: what is the basis for nutritional support?Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- ACVR2B polymorphism, Adiponectin, and GDF-15 levels as biomarkers for cachexia in gastrointestinal cancer.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Withaferin A ameliorates ovarian cancer-induced renal damage through the regulation of expression of inflammatory cytokines.Journal of ovarian research · 2024Article
- GDF-15 and mtDNA Deletions Are Useful Biomarkers of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Insulin Resistance and PCOS.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Harnessing the potential of reverse-phase protein array technology: Advancing precision oncology strategies.Cancer science · 2024Review
- GDF15: Immunomodulatory Role in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Implications.Journal of hepatocellular carcinoma · 2024Review
- Role of growth differentiation factor 15 in cancer cachexia (Review).Oncology letters · 2023Review
- Non-Genomic Hallmarks of Aging-The Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate the association of circulating growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) with cachexia symptoms and the biological activity of advanced pancreatic cancer (APC). Treatment-naïve patients with liver metastasis of APC or with benign pancreatic disease were retrospectively analyzed. Clinical data, blood samples, and biopsy specimens of liver metastasis were collected prior to anti-cancer treatment. Serum GDF-15 levels and multiple protein expressions in lysates extracted from liver metastasis were measured by enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay and reverse-phase protein array, respectively. The cut-off for serum GDF-15 was determined as 3356.6 pg/mL, the mean plus two standard deviations for benign pancreatic disease. The high-GDF-15 group was characterized as showing low Karnofsky performance status (KPS) (
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.