ArticleCancers2021
Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Larynx and Pharynx: A Clinical and Histopathological Study.
Article in Cancers, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- "Histologic type, treatment and prognosis of carcinomas of the larynx: A review".Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology · 2026Review
- Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Head and Neck: A Two-Decade Institutional Experience.World journal of otorhinolaryngology - head and neck surgery · 2026Article
- Clinical Characteristics and Prognosis of Neuroendocrine Carcinoma in the Head and Neck: A Single-Institutional Retrospective Analysis.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2026Article
- Article
- Neuroendocrine carcinomas of the larynx: a review of current literature and case analysis.Journal of surgical case reports · 2025Article
- Neuroendocrine Neoplasms of the Head and Neck: A Case Report on an Oropharyngeal Presentation.Cureus · 2023Article
- Clinical Behavior, Mutational Profile and T-Cell Repertoire of High-Grade Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Head and Neck.Cancers · 2023Article
- Top 10 Histological Mimics of Neuroendocrine Carcinoma You Should Not Miss in the Head and Neck.Head and neck pathology · 2023Review
- 3D VOSNet: Segmentation of endoscopic images of the larynx with subsequent generation of indicators.Heliyon · 2023Article
- Update from the 5th Edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Head and Neck Tumors: Overview of the 2022 WHO Classification of Head and Neck Neuroendocrine Neoplasms.Head and neck pathology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs) of the head and neck are rare and the experience scanty. The Cancer Registry of Slovenia database was used to identify cases of laryngeal and pharyngeal NECs diagnosed between 1995-2020. Biopsies were analyzed for the expression of standard neuroendocrine markers (synaptophysin, chromogranin, CD56), INSM1, Ki-67, p16, and PD-L1 (using the combined positive score, CPS). In situ hybridization for human papillomavirus (HPV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) was performed. Twenty patients (larynx, 12; pharynx, 8) were identified. One tumor was well differentiated (WD), five were moderately differentiated (MD), and 14 were poorly differentiated (PD). Disease control was achieved solely by surgery in 4/4 MD/PD T1-2N0-1 tumors. Eight patients died of the disease, seven of which were due to distant metastases. All three traditional markers were positive in 11/17 NECs and the INSM1 marker in all 20 tumors. Two of fourteen p16-positive tumors were HPV-positive, but all three nasopharyngeal NECs were EBV-negative. Three tumors had CPSs ≥ 1. In conclusion, INSM1 was confirmed to be a reliable marker of neuroendocrine differentiation. Except in WD and early-stage MD/PD tumors, aggressive multimodal therapy is needed; the optimal systemic therapy remains to be determined. p16, HPV, and EBV seem to bear no prognostic information.
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