ArticleCancers2021
Increased Circulating Levels of Galectin Proteins in Patients with Breast, Colon, and Lung Cancer.
Article in Cancers, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Circulating Biomarkers in Cardio-Oncology: Prediction and Prognostication.Current cardiology reports · 2026Review
- Selective Nanobody-Derived Minibodies Targeting Galectin-1 and -7 Reveal Non-Redundant Glyco-Immune Functions and Therapeutic Potential in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2026Article
- Abnormal Galectin Signaling in the Pathomechanisms of Placental Dysfunction in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Disorder of the immune and inflammatory response involving galectin-1, -3 and -7 in women with invasive breast cancer - potential importance in diagnosis and monitoring the course of the disease.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Evaluation of Inflammatory Biomarkers Gal-1 and IL-1β and Liver Enzyme Activities in Gastric Cancer Patients Pre- and Post-Chemotherapy: A Case-Control Study.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2025Article
- Serum immunoglobulin G glycosylation profiling in breast cancer using a 56-lectin microarray and subtype-specific patterns.Gland surgery · 2025Article
- Article
- The assessment of breast cancer biomarkers in diagnosis, prognosis and treatment monitoring: integrated analysis.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2025Review
- Galectin-9-An Emerging Glyco-Immune Checkpoint Target for Cancer Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- [Galectin-3 in the Lung Cancer Microenvironment: Immunomodulation and Therapeutic Breakthroughs].Zhongguo fei ai za zhi = Chinese journal of lung cancer · 2025Review
- Antitumor activity of gamma-irradiated Rosa canina L. against lung carcinoma in rat model: a proposed mechanism.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2025Article
- Correlation Analysis of Genetic Mutations and Galectin Levels in Breast Cancer Patients.Genes · 2024Article
- Article
- Soluble galectin-3 as a microenvironment-relevant immunoregulator with prognostic and predictive value in lung adenocarcinoma.Molecular oncology · 2024Article
- Review
- Article
- Predictive role of galectin-3 for immune checkpoint blockades (ICBs) in advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer: a potential new marker for ICB resistance.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2023Article
- Chimera and Tandem-Repeat Type Galectins: The New Targets for Cancer Immunotherapy.Biomolecules · 2023Review
- Galectin-9 in Gastroenterological Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Galectin-3 in prostate cancer and heart diseases: a biomarker for these two frightening pathologies?Molecular biology reports · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Galectins are proteins with high-affinity β-galactoside-binding sites that function in a variety of signaling pathways through interactions with glycoproteins. The known contributions of galectins-1, -3, -7, -8, and -9 to angiogenesis, metastasis, cell division, and evasion of immune destruction led us to investigate the circulating levels of these galectins in cancer patients. This study compares galectin concentrations by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) from each stage of breast, lung, and colon cancer. Galectins-1 and -7, which share a prototype structure, were found to have statistically significant increases in breast and lung cancer. Of the tandem-repeat galectins, galectin-8 showed no statistically significant change in these cancer types, but galectin-9 was increased in colon and lung cancer. Galectin-3 is the only chimera-type galectin and was increased in all stages of breast, colon, and lung cancer. In conclusion, there were significant differences in the galectin levels in patients with these cancers compared with healthy controls, and galectin levels did not significantly change from stage to stage. These findings suggest that further research on the roles of galectins early in disease pathogenesis may lead to novel indications for galectin inhibitors.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.