Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34637744›Full record

ReviewCurrent biology : CB2021

Human-mediated impacts on biodiversity and the consequences for zoonotic disease spillover.

Caroline K Glidden, Nicole Nova, Morgan P Kain, Katherine M Lagerstrom, Eloise B Skinner, Lisa Mandle, Susanne H Sokolow, Raina K Plowright, Rodolfo Dirzo, Giulio A De Leo and 1 more

Open access · greenAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Current biology : CB, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 49 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
49citing papers in PubMed
13.5field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

49 citing papers in PubMed, 107 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Applied and environmental microbiology · 2026
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Global decline of apex scavengers threatens human health.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  16. Climate Change and Zoonotic Disease Outbreaks: Emerging Evidence from Epidemiology and Toxicology.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025
    Review
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Review
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Caroline K GliddenDepartment of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Electronic address: cglidden@stanford.edu.
Nicole NovaDepartment of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Electronic address: nicole.nova@stanford.edu.
Morgan P KainDepartment of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Natural Capital Project, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Katherine M LagerstromDepartment of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Eloise B SkinnerDepartment of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Centre for Planetary Health and Food Security, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia.
Lisa MandleDepartment of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Natural Capital Project, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Susanne H SokolowWoods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Marine Science Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
Raina K PlowrightDepartment of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA.
Rodolfo DirzoDepartment of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Giulio A De LeoDepartment of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA 93950, USA.
Erin A MordecaiDepartment of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Stanford University · USMontana State University · US

Funding

Leveraging environmental drivers to predict vector-borne disease transmissionR35GM133439 · NIGMS · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI Erin Mordecai · 2019 to 2026
$3.2M
NIGMS NIH HHS R35 GM133439
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Human-mediated changes to natural ecosystems have consequences for both ecosystem and human health. Historically, efforts to preserve or restore 'biodiversity' can seem to be in opposition to human interests. However, the integration of biodiversity conservation and public health has gained significant traction in recent years, and new efforts to identify solutions that benefit both environmental and human health are ongoing. At the forefront of these efforts is an attempt to clarify ways in which biodiversity conservation can help reduce the risk of zoonotic spillover of pathogens from wild animals, sparking epidemics and pandemics in humans and livestock. However, our understanding of the mechanisms by which biodiversity change influences the spillover process is incomplete, limiting the application of integrated strategies aimed at achieving positive outcomes for both conservation and disease management. Here, we review the literature, considering a broad scope of biodiversity dimensions, to identify cases where zoonotic pathogen spillover is mechanistically linked to changes in biodiversity. By reframing the discussion around biodiversity and disease using mechanistic evidence - while encompassing multiple aspects of biodiversity including functional diversity, landscape diversity, phenological diversity, and interaction diversity - we work toward general principles that can guide future research and more effectively integrate the related goals of biodiversity conservation and spillover prevention. We conclude by summarizing how these principles could be used to integrate the goal of spillover prevention into ongoing biodiversity conservation initiatives.

Indexed as

EcosystemZoonosesAnimalsAnimals, WildBiodiversityConservation of Natural ResourcesHumansPublic Health

Identifiers

PMID34637744
PMCPMC9255562
OpenAlexW3206565280

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.