Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34637589›Full record

SynthesisOral diseases2022

Chronic mechanical trauma/irritation and oral carcinoma: A systematic review showing low evidence to support an association.

Monica Pentenero, Lorenzo Azzi, Giovanni Lodi, Maddalena Manfredi, Elena Varoni

Open access · hybridAbstract readSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Oral diseases, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
3.8field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 31 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Review
  6. Oral submucous fibrosis: pathogenesis and therapeutic approaches.International journal of oral science · 2025
    Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.

Monica PenteneroDepartment of Oncology, Oral Medicine and Oral Oncology Unit, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3972-1203
Lorenzo AzziDepartment of Medicine and Surgery, Unit of Oral Medicine and Pathology, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2532-7651
Giovanni LodiDepartment of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0218-8292
Maddalena ManfrediDepartment of Medicine and Surgery, Dentistry Unit, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7827-806X
Elena VaroniDepartment of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7287-2188
University of Milan · ITUniversity of Insubria · ITUniversity of Parma · ITUniversity of Turin · IT

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundChronic trauma of oral mucosa, resulting from repeated and persistent mechanical irritative action of an intraoral injury agent, has repeatedly been reported to be possibly implicated in the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

objectivesThe present systematic review aimed to assess whether chronic mechanical trauma can be considered a risk factor for OSCC. DATA SOURCES: PubMed, CENTRAL (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials), Scopus; EMBASE, Web of Science. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: Cohort studies comparing OSCC incidence among subjects with/without chronic mechanical trauma or case-control or cross-sectional studies comparing chronic mechanical trauma among subjects with/without OSCC.

resultsOnly one prospective case-control study fulfilled the inclusion criteria, but the quality of the evidence provided is not enough to define trauma as a risk factor for OSCC. The main limitation is the presence of only one case-control study at high risk of bias. In the absence of strong evidence supporting the role of trauma in OSCC, a thorough discussion on trauma and carcinogenesis has been performed.

conclusionsAvailable evidence does not support an active role for chronic trauma in oral carcinogenesis, neither as promoter nor as progressor factor. Prospective cohort studies able to better assess trauma in OSCC are needed.

Indexed as

Carcinoma, Squamous CellMouth NeoplasmsCarcinogenesisCase-Control StudiesCross-Sectional StudiesHumansProspective Studieschronic mechanical traumamucosal irritationoral squamous cell carcinomarisk factors

Identifiers

PMID34637589
PMCPMC9787889
OpenAlexW3207135013

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.