Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34637063›Full record

ArticleMaternal and child health journal2021

Contraceptive Use and Pregnancy Outcomes Among Women Enrolled in South Carolina Medicaid Programs.

Nathan Hale, Wondimu S Manalew, Edward Leinaar, Michael Smith, Bisakha Sen, Pradeep Sharma, Amal Khoury

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Article in Maternal and child health journal, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
1.4field-weighted citation impact, top 18% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Nathan HaleDepartment of Health Services Management & Policy, College of Public Health, Center for Applied Research & Evaluation in Women's Health, East Tennessee State University, PO Box 70264, Johnson, TN, 37614, USA. halenl@etsu.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8888-8002
Wondimu S ManalewDepartment of Health Services Management & Policy, College of Public Health, Center for Applied Research & Evaluation in Women's Health, East Tennessee State University, PO Box 70264, Johnson, TN, 37614, USA.
Edward LeinaarDepartment of Health Services Management & Policy, College of Public Health, Center for Applied Research & Evaluation in Women's Health, East Tennessee State University, PO Box 70264, Johnson, TN, 37614, USA.
Michael SmithDepartment of Health Services Management & Policy, College of Public Health, Center for Applied Research & Evaluation in Women's Health, East Tennessee State University, PO Box 70264, Johnson, TN, 37614, USA.
Bisakha SenDepartment of Health Care Organization and Policy, The University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Public Health, 1665 University Blvd, RPHB 330F, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
Pradeep SharmaDepartment of Health Care Organization and Policy, The University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Public Health, 1665 University Blvd, RPHB 320C, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
Amal KhouryDepartment of Health Services Management & Policy, College of Public Health, Center for Applied Research & Evaluation in Women's Health, East Tennessee State University, PO Box 70264, Johnson, TN, 37614, USA.
East Tennessee State University · USUniversity of Alabama at Birmingham · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveState medicaid programs provide access to effective contraception for people with lower incomes. This study examined contraception use and pregnancy among reproductive-age women enrolled in the South Carolina Medicaid, by eligibility program and socio-demographic sub-groups.

methodsA retrospective cohort of women aged 15-45 who were newly eligible for South Carolina Medicaid from 2012 to 2016 was examined. Log-binomial regression and average marginal effects assessed relationships between contraception use and pregnancies ending in live and non-live births. Contraception was categorized as permanent, long acting reversible contraception (LARC), short-acting hormonal contraception (SAC), or no contraceptive claims. Women with family planning or full-benefit medicaid coverage were included.

resultsApproximately 11% of women used LARC methods, 41% used SAC methods, and 46% had no evidence of contraceptive claims. Method utilization varied by eligibility program, race/ethnicity and age. The likelihood of pregnancy was lower among SAC users and lowest among LARC users compared to women with no evidence of contraception across all three programs (family planning APR = 0.44; 95% CI 0.41-0.49 and APR = 0.13, 95% CI 0.10-0.17; Low income families APR = 0.82; 95% CI 0.77-0.88 and APR = 0.33, 95% CI 0.28-0.38; Partners for Healthy Children APR = 0.72; 95% CI 0.68-0.77 and APR = 0.35, 95% CI 0.30-0.43, respectively). Non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic teens were less likely to experience a pregnancy than non-Hispanic white teens. CONCLUSIONS FOR PRACTICE: The likelihood of pregnancy was lower among women using SAC methods and markedly lower among women using LARC. Variation in contraceptive use among racial/ethnic groups was noted despite Medicaid coverage. As new policies and initiatives emerge, these findings provide important context for understanding the role of Medicaid programs in reducing financial barriers to contraceptive services and ensuring access to effective contraception, while fostering reproductive health autonomy among women.

Indexed as

Contraceptive AgentsMedicaidAdolescentChildContraceptionFemaleHumansPregnancyPregnancy OutcomeRetrospective StudiesSouth CarolinaUnited StatesContraceptive AgentsContraceptionLong-acting reversible contraceptionMedicaidPregnancyReproductive health

Identifiers

PMID34637063
OpenAlexW3207739692

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.