SynthesisJournal of medical Internet research2021
Effects of Virtual Reality Training on Upper Limb Function and Balance in Stroke Patients: Systematic Review and Meta-Meta-Analysis.
Synthesis in Journal of medical Internet research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07520253 (Effect Of Virtual Reality On Cortical Reorganization And Upper Extremity Functional Recovery In Patients With Subacute Stroke), which is not on this map. Cited by 54 papers, 21 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effect Of Virtual Reality On Cortical Reorganization And Upper Extremity Functional Recovery In Patients With Subacute Stroke
Who cites it
54 citing papers in PubMed, 21 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 93 citations in OpenAlex.
- The application potential of virtual reality technology in managing elderly frailty: a meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2026Pooled it
- Neuroplasticity Mechanism of Stroke Rehabilitation Training System Based on Virtual Reality: A Review.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Pooled it
- Comparative efficacy of virtual reality interventions with varying immersion levels on upper limb motor function, hand dexterity, and independence in the daily life of stroke survivors: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2026Pooled it
- Effects of cognitive-motor interventions on serum BDNF levels in adults and older population post-stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Effectiveness of Virtual Reality Therapy on Static Postural Control and Dynamic Balance in Stroke Patients: Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Meta-Regression of Randomized Controlled Trials.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Pooled it
- Virtual Reality Therapy for Upper Limb Motor Impairments in Patients With Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Physiotherapy research international : the journal for researchers and clinicians in physical therapy · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Effects of Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation With Rehabilitation on the Recovery of Upper Extremity Function After Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Neural plasticity · 2025Pooled it
- Can exercise therapy combined with transcranial direct current stimulation further improve balance ability in individuals with chronic ankle instability? A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in physiology · 2025Pooled it
- Virtual reality and sports performance: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials exploring balance.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2025Pooled it
- Effects of virtual reality rehabilitation after spinal cord injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2024Pooled it
- Combined noninvasive brain stimulation virtual reality for upper limb rehabilitation poststroke: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2024Pooled it
- The efficacy of virtual reality for upper limb rehabilitation in stroke patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC medical informatics and decision making · 2024Pooled it
- Efficacy of neuromobilization in the treatment of low back pain: Systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2024Pooled it
- Research trends and hotspots of post-stroke upper limb dysfunction: a bibliometric and visualization analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Pooled it
- Effects of white noise on preterm infants in the neonatal intensive care unit: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.Nursing open · 2024Pooled it
- Efficacy of virtual reality training on motor performance, activity of daily living, and quality of life in patients with Parkinson's disease: an umbrella review comprising meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2023Pooled it
- Effects of Virtual Reality on the Limb Motor Function, Balance, Gait, and Daily Function of Patients with Stroke: Systematic Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Pooled it
- Virtual Reality Intervention for Patients With Neck Pain: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Journal of medical Internet research · 2023Pooled it
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundVirtual reality (VR) training is a promising intervention strategy that has been utilized in health care fields like stroke rehabilitation and psychotherapy. Current studies suggest that VR training is effective in improving the locomotor ability of stroke patients.
objectiveThis is the first meta-meta-analysis of the effects of VR on motor function in stroke patients. This study aimed to systematically summarize and quantify the present meta-analyses results of VR training and produce high-quality meta-meta-analysis results to obtain a more accurate prediction.
methodsWe searched 4 online databases (Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure) for meta-analysis studies. After accounting for overlap, 10 studies (accounting for almost 550 stroke patients) were obtained. Based on the meta-meta-analysis of these patients, this study quantified the impact of VR training on stroke patients' motor performance, mainly including upper limb function, balance, and walking ability. We combined the effects under the random effect model and pooled the estimates as standardized mean differences (SMD).
resultsThe results of the meta-meta-analysis showed that VR training effectively improves upper limb function (SMD 4.606, 95% CI 2.733-6.479, P<.05) and balance (SMD 2.101, 95% CI 0.202-4.000, P<.05) of stroke patients. However, the results showed considerable heterogeneity and thus, may need to be treated with caution. Due to the limited research, a meta-meta-analysis of walking ability was not performed.
conclusionsThese findings represent a comprehensive body of high-quality evidence that VR training is more effective at improving upper limb function and balance of stroke patients.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.