Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34636090›Full record

ArticleAdvanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)2021

Predictably Engineering the Viscoelastic Behavior of Dynamic Hydrogels via Correlation with Molecular Parameters.

Junzhe Lou, Sean Friedowitz, Karis Will, Jian Qin, Yan Xia

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
26citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

26 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Tough and Rapidly Relaxing Hydrogels Via Programmable Crosslink Kinetics.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Review
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  14. Tuning porosity of macroporous hydrogels enables rapid rates of stress relaxation and promotes cell expansion and migration.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024
    Article
  15. Article
  16. Advancing Synthetic Hydrogels through Nature-Inspired Materials Chemistry.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2024
    Review
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Junzhe LouDepartment of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3034-2445
Sean FriedowitzDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4124-8278
Karis WillDepartment of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2691-6650
Jian QinDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6271-068X
Yan XiaDepartment of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5298-748X

Funding

Hydrogels with Controlled Degradation and Stress Relaxation for Engineered CartilageR21AR074070 · NIAMS · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI CHAUDHURI, OVIJIT · 2018 to 2019
$365k
3M Non-Tenured Faculty Award and the Hellman Scholar AwardNational Institutes of Health for supporting this work 1R21AR07407001NIAMS NIH HHS R21 AR074070NIH HHS 1R21AR07407001Sloan Research Fellowship.
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Rational design of dynamic hydrogels with desirable viscoelastic behaviors relies on an in-depth understanding of the principles correlating molecular parameters and macroscopic properties. To quantitatively elucidate such principles, a series of dynamic covalent hydrogels crosslinked via hydrazone bonds is designed. The exchange rate of the hydrazone bond is tuned by varying the concentration of an organic catalyst, while maintaining the crosslinking density unchanged. This strategy of independently tuning exchange dynamics of crosslinks and crosslinking density allows unambiguous analysis of the viscoelastic response of the dynamic hydrogels as a function of their network parameters. It is found that the terminal relaxation time of the dynamic hydrogels is primarily determined by two factors: the exchange rate of crosslinks and the number of effective crosslinks per polymer chain, and is independent of the network architecture. Furthermore, a universal correlation is identified between the terminal relaxation time determined from stress relaxation and the exchange rate determined via reaction kinetics, which can be generalized to any viscoelastic hydrogel network, in principle. This quantitative correlation facilitates the development of dynamic hydrogels with a variable desired viscoelastic response based on molecular design.

Indexed as

dynamic crosslinkinghydrogelspolymer networksstress relaxationviscoelasticity

Identifiers

PMID34636090
PMCPMC8702467

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.