ReviewThe EMBO journal2021
The extracellular vesicle generation paradox: a bacterial point of view.
Review in The EMBO journal, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 82 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
82 citing papers in PubMed, 149 citations in OpenAlex.
- Quorum sensing rewires membrane vesicle protein cargo to promote antibiotic persistence inJournal of bacteriology · 2026Article
- Energy-assisted CRISPR cleavage and probiotic vesicle signaling platform: Microbiome reprogramming for homeostasis.Science advances · 2026Article
- Structure-activity of outer membrane proteins in native bacterial membrane vesicles by solid-state NMR.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Review
- Integrated multi-omics profiling of gut bacterial extracellular vesicles links cargo composition to host transcriptional responses.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- New insights into outer membrane vesicles in Gram-negative bacteria from biogenesis to applications.Communications biology · 2026Review
- Choosing the Right Extracellular Vesicle: Cross-Kingdom Immunological Functions Linking Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Applications.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles in the Strategic Interplay Between Pathogens and Hosts.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- Bacterial extracellular vesicles: emerging players in antimicrobial resistance and clinical translation.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Membrane Vesicle-Mediated Delivery of Antibacterial Lipopeptides byACS chemical biology · 2026Article
- Periplasmic crowding and peptidoglycan hydrolase activity as drivers of outer membrane vesiculation in Acinetobacter baumannii.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Bacterial Membrane Vesicles: Biogenesis, Functions, and Emerging Biotechnological Applications.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- Characterization ofMicroorganisms · 2026Article
- Environmental cues shape extracellular vesicles biogenesis and function in Streptococcus pneumoniae.BMC microbiology · 2026Article
- Dual mode of delivery ofmBio · 2026Article
- Bacterial extracellular vesicles exhibit distinct functional potential across biogeographic provinces of the South Pacific Ocean.The ISME journal · 2026Article
- Recent advances in membrane vesicles ofJournal of oral microbiology · 2026Review
- Outer membrane vesicles inMicrobial cell (Graz, Austria) · 2026Article
- Selective DNA encapsulation in extracellular vesicles ofExtracellular vesicles and circulating nucleic acids · 2026Article
- Toward a better understanding of the ecological roles of extracellular vesicles from plant-associated bacteria.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2025Review
22 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
All bacteria produce secreted vesicles that carry out a variety of important biological functions. These extracellular vesicles can improve adaptation and survival by relieving bacterial stress and eliminating toxic compounds, as well as by facilitating membrane remodeling and ameliorating inhospitable environments. However, vesicle production comes with a price. It is energetically costly and, in the case of colonizing pathogens, it elicits host immune responses, which reduce bacterial viability. This raises an interesting paradox regarding why bacteria produce vesicles and begs the question as to whether the benefits of producing vesicles outweigh their costs. In this review, we discuss the various advantages and disadvantages associated with Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial vesicle production and offer perspective on the ultimate score. We also highlight questions needed to advance the field in determining the role for vesicles in bacterial survival, interkingdom communication, and virulence.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.