ArticleScientific reports2021
Gene regulation of adult skeletogenesis in starfish and modifications during gene network co-option.
Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparative genomic analysis reveals spine formation and coral prostaglandin tolerance in crown-of-thorns starfish.Fundamental research · 2026Article
- A stage and anatomy ontology for embryogenesis in indirect-developing echinoderms.Development (Cambridge, England) · 2026Article
- Single-Cell Transcriptomics Reveals Evolutionary Reconfiguration of Embryonic Cell Fate Specification in the Sea Urchin Heliocidaris erythrogramma.Genome biology and evolution · 2025Article
- Localization and origins of juvenile skeletogenic cells in the sea urchin Lytechinuspictus.Developmental biology · 2024Article
- The brittle star genome illuminates the genetic basis of animal appendage regeneration.Nature ecology & evolution · 2024Article
- Article
- Single-cell transcriptomics reveals evolutionary reconfiguration of embryonic cell fate specification in the sea urchinbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Article
- An optimized Tet-On system for conditional control of gene expression in sea urchins.Development (Cambridge, England) · 2023Article
- Flower-like meristem conditions and spatial constraints shape architecture of floral pseudanthia in Apioideae.EvoDevo · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The larval skeleton of the echinoderm is believed to have been acquired through co-option of a pre-existing gene regulatory network (GRN); that is, the mechanism for adult skeleton formation in the echinoderm was deployed in early embryogenesis during echinoderm diversification. To explore the evolutionary changes that occurred during co-option, we examined the mechanism for adult skeletogenesis using the starfish Patiria pectinifera. Expression patterns of skeletogenesis-related genes (vegf, vegfr, ets1/2, erg, alx1, ca1, and clect) suggest that adult skeletogenic cells develop from the posterior coelom after the start of feeding. Treatment with inhibitors and gene knockout using transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) suggest that the feeding-nutrient sensing pathway activates Vegf signaling via target of rapamycin (TOR) activity, leading to the activation of skeletogenic regulatory genes in starfish. In the larval skeletogenesis of sea urchins, the homeobox gene pmar1 activates skeletogenic regulatory genes, but in starfish, localized expression of the pmar1-related genes phbA and phbB was not detected during the adult skeleton formation stage. Based on these data, we provide a model for the adult skeletogenic GRN in the echinoderm and propose that the upstream regulatory system changed from the feeding-TOR-Vegf pathway to a homeobox gene-system during co-option of the skeletogenic GRN.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.