ArticleJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)2021
4-Octyl-Itaconate and Dimethyl Fumarate Inhibit COX2 Expression and Prostaglandin Production in Macrophages.
Article in Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Itaconation and Succination as Metabolite-Derived Cysteine Modifications in Inflammatory Signalling: Biochemical Mechanisms, Chemoproteomic Mapping, and Therapeutic Opportunities.Cell biochemistry and biophysics · 2026Review
- NEK7 Cys298 is important for NLRP3 inflammasome and targetable by dimethyl fumarate.Cell chemical biology · 2026Article
- Itaconate-based nanoparticles induce immunometabolic reprogramming in macrophages and alleviate diet-induced obesity.Research square · 2026Article
- Single-cell profiling reveals context-dependent immune regulation shared by sepsis and systemic lupus erythematosus.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Itaconate reduces viral endocytosis by targeting Cys128 of the adaptor-related protein complex 1 gamma 1 subunit in the host, providing a novel target for antiviral drug development.Molecular biomedicine · 2025Article
- Reprogramming immunity with itaconate: metabolic mechanisms and therapeutic perspectives.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2025Review
- Immunometabolic reprogramming in macrophages infected with active and dormantInfection and immunity · 2025Article
- Nrf2-Independent Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Dimethyl Fumarate: Challenges and Prospects in Developing Electrophilic Nrf2 Activators for Neurodegenerative Diseases.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- PEX13 is a potential immunotherapeutic indicator and prognostic biomarker for various tumors including PAAD.Oncology letters · 2023Article
- ZFP36-mediated mRNA decay regulates metabolism.Cell reports · 2023Article
- Dimethyl Itaconate Inhibits Melanogenesis in B16F10 Cells.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Innate metabolic responses against viral infections.Nature metabolism · 2022Review
- Itaconate or how I learned to stop avoiding the study of immunometabolism.PLoS pathogens · 2022Article
- Nrf2 activation reprograms macrophage intermediary metabolism and suppresses the type I interferon response.iScience · 2022Article
- Aging Relevant Metabolite Itaconate Inhibits Inflammatory Bone Loss.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Article
- Itaconate, Arginine, and Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid: A Host Metabolite Triad Protective Against Mycobacterial Infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
PGs are important proinflammatory lipid mediators, the significance of which is highlighted by the widespread and efficacious use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the treatment of inflammation. 4-Octyl itaconate (4-OI), a derivative of the Krebs cycle-derived metabolite itaconate, has recently garnered much interest as an anti-inflammatory agent. In this article, we show that 4-OI limits PG production in murine macrophages stimulated with the TLR1/2 ligand Pam3CSK4. This decrease in PG secretion is due to a robust suppression of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) expression by 4-OI, with both mRNA and protein levels decreased. Dimethyl fumarate, a fumarate derivative used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis, with properties similar to itaconate, replicated the phenotype observed with 4-OI. We also demonstrate that the decrease in COX2 expression and inhibition of downstream PG production occurs in an NRF2-independent manner. Our findings provide a new insight into the potential of 4-OI as an anti-inflammatory agent and also identifies a novel anti-inflammatory function of dimethyl fumarate.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.