ArticleBMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation2021
Influence of 2D:4D ratio on fitness parameters and accumulated training load in elite youth soccer players.
Article in BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The Relationship Between Digit Ratio (2D:4D) and Aspects of Cardiorespiratory Fitness: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council · 2025Pooled it
- Sex-related biological variation and mental toughness in soccer: a 2D:4D digit-ratio study of Type a, Type B and Type C classification across playing positions.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2026Article
- Handgrip Strength Asymmetry in Female Basketball Players: The Critical Role of Arm Position and the Challenge of Statistical Power.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Correlation Between Propulsive Velocity, Maximum Velocity, and Power and the 2D:4D Ratio in Paralympic Powerlifting Athletes.BioMed research international · 2025Article
- Association between 2D:4D ratios and sprinting, change of direction ability, aerobic fitness, and cumulative workloads in elite youth soccer players.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2023Article
- Variations in cumulative workload and anaerobic power in adolescent elite male football players: associations with biological maturation.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2023Article
- Does maturity estimation, 2D:4D and training load measures explain physical fitness changes of youth football players?BMC pediatrics · 2022Article
- Gender Differences and Relationship of 2D:4D-Ratio, Mental Toughness and Dark Triad Traits among Active Young Adults.Biology · 2022Article
- The influence of maturation, fitness, and hormonal indices on minutes played in elite youth soccer players: a cross-sectional study.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDigit ratio (2D:4D) characterized by the length of the second digit (2D) divided by the length of the fourth digit (4D), is a powerful marker of athletic performance. Some studies showed a negative correlation between 2D:4D ratio and sports performances.
objectivesThe purpose of the present study was three-fold: (1) to analyze the influence of anthropometric and 2D:4D ratio on variations of accumulated training load (ATL) and fitness parameters: maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O
methodsTwenty-four elite players under 17 years were daily monitored for their rating perceived exertion and ATL across 24 weeks over the season. Soccer players have also measured in three stages for anthropometric traits and fitness parameters.
resultsSignificant differences were observed between playing positions for body mass, goalkeepers had higher body mass compared to centre-midfielder and winger players. Moreover, there were significant differences in ATL between early-season to mid-season in goalkeepers (P = 0.032). The 2D:4D ratio (left and right) shown largely and negatively association with muscular strength (ISQ: r = - 0.80; r = - 0.78, P ≤ 0.001, ISH: r = - 0.63; r = - 0.62, P = 0.001, respectively) and VO
conclusionsGoalkeepers tended to have higher body mass compared to centre-midfielder and winger players; and 2D:4D ratio revealed a mighty predictor of physical fitness changes in soccer players. Evidence should be helpful to professionals to highlight the usefulness of the 2D:4D into the identification of talent, but also to optimize young players' performance.
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