ArticleBMC gastroenterology2021
Intriguing findings of liver fibrosis following COVID-19.
Article in BMC gastroenterology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Liver injury in post-acute COVID-19 syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis of early observational studies.Canadian liver journal · 2024Pooled it
- Exacerbated Hepatic Stress and Systemic Metabolic Disruption Driven by SARS-CoV-2 P.1 Variant in K18-hACE2 Mice.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2026Article
- A systematic scoping review and conceptual analysis of new-onset fibromyalgia manifestations after non-hospitalized COVID-19: empirics, definitions, methodologies, pathophysiology, mapping of literature, and knowledge gaps.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Liver-Related COVID-19 Consequences: Dynamics of Liver Health in 2.5 Years.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Multiorgan Involvement and Particularly Liver Injury in Long COVID: A Narrative Review.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Novel Usefulness of M2BPGi for Predicting Severity and Clinical Outcomes in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Post-COVID-19 Pandemic Sequelae in Liver Diseases.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Diagnostic Usefulness of Serum Hyaluronic Acid in Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Article
- New Onset of Acute and Chronic Hepatic Diseases Post-COVID-19 Infection: A Systematic Review.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Assessment of the liver with two-dimensional shear wave elastography following COVID-19 infection: A pilot study.Australasian journal of ultrasound in medicine · 2024Article
- Diverse roles of SARS-CoV-2 Spike and Nucleocapsid proteins in EndMT stimulation through the TGF-β-MRTF axis inhibited by aspirin.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2024Article
- Observational
- Insight into COVID-19 associated liver injury: Mechanisms, evaluation, and clinical implications.Hepatology forum · 2024Review
- Article
- COVID-19 induced liver injury from a new perspective: Mitochondria.Mitochondrion · 2023Review
- Hyaluronan in the pathogenesis of acute and post-acute COVID-19 infection.Matrix biology : journal of the International Society for Matrix Biology · 2023Review
- Association of human leukocyte antigen class II alleles with epithelial cell apoptosis and extracellular matrix production in acute COVID-19.Central-European journal of immunology · 2023Article
- Molecular mechanisms of COVID-19-induced pulmonary fibrosis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Review
- "Long COVID-19" and viral "fibromyalgia-ness": Suggesting a mechanistic role for fascial myofibroblasts (Nineveh, the shadow is in the fascia).Frontiers in medicine · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundStudies on a new coronavirus disease (COVID-19) show the elevation of liver enzymes and liver fibrosis index (FIB-4) independently on pre-existing liver diseases. It points to increased liver fibrogenesis during acute COVID-19 with possible long-term consequences. This study aimed to assess liver fibrosis in COVID-19 patients by serum hyaluronic acid (HA) and FIB-4.
methodsThe study included the acute COVID-19 group (66 patients, 50% females, mean age 58.3 ± 14.6), the post-COVID group (58 patients in 3-6 months after the recovery, 47% females, mean age 41.2 ± 13.4), and a control group (17 people, 47% females, mean age 42.8 ± 11.0). Ultrasound elastography was performed in the post-COVID and control groups.
resultsSixty-five percent of the acute COVID-19 group had increased FIB-4 (> 1.45), and 38% of patients had FIB-4 ≥ 3.25. After matching by demographics, 52% of acute COVID-19 and 5% of the post-COVID group had FIB-4 > 1.45, and 29% and 2% of patients had FIB-4 ≥ 3.25, respectively. Increased serum HA (≥ 75 ng/ml) was observed in 54% of the acute COVID-19 and 15% of the post-COVID group. In the acute COVID-19 group, HA positively correlated with FIB-4, AST, ALT, LDH, IL-6, and ferritin and negatively with blood oxygen saturation. In the post-COVID group, HA did not correlate with FIB-4, but it was positively associated with higher liver stiffness and ALT.
conclusionMore than half of acute COVID-19 patients had increased serum HA and FIB-4 related to liver function tests, inflammatory markers, and blood oxygen saturation. It provides evidence for the induction of liver fibrosis by multiple factors during acute COVID-19. Findings also indicate possible liver fibrosis in about 5% of the post-COVID group.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.