ArticleTransactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene2022
Comparison of self-reported and observed water contact measures in Schistosoma japonicum-endemic villages in Leyte, The Philippines.
Article in Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 3 citations in OpenAlex.
- Associations of water contact frequency, duration, and activities with schistosome infection risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2023Pooled it
- Schistosomiasis in the Philippines: A Comprehensive Review of Epidemiology and Current Control.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 5 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundWe compared individuals' self-reported water contact from a questionnaire to direct observation of water contact. Questionnaires that accurately capture water contact are necessary to risk-stratify individuals and communities at high risk for schistosomiasis.
methodsIndividuals (N=677) ages 7-30 y were included from three Schistosoma japonicum-endemic villages in Leyte, The Philippines. Each individual was observed for 12 d over the course of the 18-month study and the questionnaire was administered six times. A questionnaire index was derived that captured the number of self-reported contacts with water bodies for any purpose. An exposure index was created based on the sum of contacts that was weighted by the percentage of body surface area (BSA) exposed and exposure duration.
resultsOf 16 water contact activities, only bathing and washing clothes exhibited a significant, positive correlation between self-reported contacts and the observed exposure index related to those contacts.
conclusionsWe found that only the reported frequencies of bathing and washing clothes were significantly related to an individual's overall observed exposure index, while use of all reported contacts was not related to the observed exposure. This study further supports the need for questionnaires to be augmented by some measure of how much BSA is exposed and/or time is spent in the water on average for a specific activity.
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Registered trials
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