Observational studyThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2022
Thyroid Status and Brain Circulation: The Rotterdam Study.
Observational study in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- The complex relationship between endocrine and psychiatric disorders: an epidemiological study of risk estimates.Medicine and pharmacy reports · 2026Article
- Associations of thyroid function, inflammatory cytokines, and ceramides with 30-day functional outcome after acute ischemic stroke.BMC neurology · 2026Article
- Cortical thinning in subclinical hypothyroidism: structural and functional brain changes underlying cognitive impairment.BMC endocrine disorders · 2026Article
- Case Report: Intracranial hypertension occurring in association with subacute thyroiditis.Frontiers in neurology · 2026Article
- Impaired Sustained Attention in Patients with Subclinical Hypothyroidism.Clinical medicine & research · 2025Article
- Cerebral small vessel disease as a possibly immune-related adverse event of immunotherapy in lung cancer patients: a retrospective study.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Thyroid function status and heterogeneity of efficacy of maintenance cognitive stimulation in late-life dementia: a stratified observational study of subclinical hypothyroidism/hyperthyroidism.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- Causal association between blood leukocyte counts and vascular dementia: a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Thyroid Hormone Signaling in Retinal Development and Function: Implications for Diabetic Retinopathy and Age-Related Macular Degeneration.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Mapping Thyroid Hormone Action in the Human Brain.Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association · 2024Review
- Brain white matter alterations in young adult male patients with childhood-onset growth hormone deficiency: a diffusion tensor imaging study.Endocrine · 2024Article
- Hyperthyroidism and cardiovascular disease: an association study using big data analytics.Endocrine · 2024Observational
- Exploring the causal factor effects of hypothyroidism on ischemic stroke: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Article
- Cardiovascular and Neuronal Consequences of Thyroid Hormones Alterations in the Ischemic Stroke.Metabolites · 2022Review
- Thyroid Status and Brain Circulation: The Rotterdam Study.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2022Observational
- Higher thyroid-stimulating hormone level may delay dementia progression in patients without thyroid dysfunction.Journal of Alzheimer's disease reportsArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
contextWhether thyroid dysfunction is related to altered brain circulation in the general population remains unknown.
objectiveWe determined the association of thyroid hormones with different markers of brain circulation within community-dwelling elderly people.
methodsThis was a population-based study of 3 subcohorts of the Rotterdam Study, starting in 1989, 2000, and 2006. A total of 5142 participants (mean age, 63.8 years; 55.4% women), underwent venipuncture to measure serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4). Between 2005 and 2015, all participants underwent phase-contrast brain magnetic resonance imaging to assess global brain perfusion (mL of blood flow/100 mL of brain/minute). Arteriolar retinal calibers were assessed using digitized images of stereoscopic fundus color transparencies in 3105 participants as markers of microcirculation. We investigated associations of TSH, FT4 with brain circulation measures using (non)linear regression models.
resultsFT4 (in pmol/L) levels had an inverse U-shaped association with global brain perfusion, such that high and low levels of FT4 were associated with lower global brain perfusion than middle levels of FT4. The difference in global brain perfusion between high FT4 levels (25 pmol/L) and middle FT4 levels (FT4 = 15 pmol/L; P nonlinearity = .002) was up to -2.44 mL (95% CI -4.31; -0.56). Higher and lower levels of FT4, compared with middle FT4 levels, were associated with arteriolar retinal vessels (mean difference up to -2.46 µm, 95% CI -4.98; 0.05 for lower FT4).
conclusionThese results suggest that thyroid dysfunction could lead to brain diseases such as stroke or dementia through suboptimal brain circulation that is potentially modifiable.
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