ArticlePLoS neglected tropical diseases2021
Cytotoxin antibody-based colourimetric sensor for field-level differential detection of elapid among big four snake venom.
Article in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Diagnosis of Indian Big Four and monocled Cobra snakebites in envenomed plasma using smartphone-based digital imaging colourimetry method.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- Antibody-based alternatives to animal testing for toxin detection and antitoxin evaluation.Frontiers in toxicology · 2025Review
- Three finger toxins of elapids: structure, function, clinical applications and its inhibitors.Molecular diversity · 2024Review
- Molecular Memory Micromotors for Fast Snake Venom Toxin Dynamic Detection.Analytical chemistry · 2024Article
- Multiplex lateral flow assay development for snake venom detection in biological matrices.Scientific reports · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Development of a rapid, on-site detection tool for snakebite is highly sought after, owing to its clinically and forensically relevant medicolegal significance. Polyvalent antivenom therapy in the management of such envenomation cases is finite due to its poor venom neutralization capabilities as well as diagnostic ramifications manifested as untoward immunological reactions. For precise molecular diagnosis of elapid venoms of the big four snakes, we have developed a lateral flow kit using a monoclonal antibody (AB1; IgG1 - κ chain; Kd: 31 nM) generated against recombinant cytotoxin-7 (rCTX-7; 7.7 kDa) protein of the elapid venom. The monoclonal antibody specifically detected the venoms of Naja naja (p < 0.0001) and Bungarus caeruleus (p<0.0001), without showing any immunoreactivity against the viperidae snakes in big four venomous snakes. The kit developed attained the limit of quantitation of 170 pg/μL and 2.1 ng/μL in spiked buffer samples and 28.7 ng/μL and 110 ng/μL in spiked serum samples for detection of N. naja and B. caeruleus venoms, respectively. This kit holds enormous potential in identification of elapid venom of the big four snakes for effective prognosis of an envenomation; as per the existing medical guidelines.
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