ArticlePlant physiology2022
Asymmetric redundancy of soybean Nodule Inception (NIN) genes in root nodule symbiosis.
Article in Plant physiology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
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31 citing papers in PubMed, 60 citations in OpenAlex.
- Response of nitrogen-fixing plant symbioses to changing temperature.Journal of integrative plant biology · 2026Review
- Soybean GTPase RAC1 interacts with the rhizobial effector NopC to promote root nodulation and improve yield.Plant communications · 2026Article
- Telomere-to-telomere genome of Stylosanthes guianensis uncovers symbiotic adaptation to phosphorus-deficient soils.Genome biology · 2026Article
- Coordination of PTI and ETI in legume-rhizobium mutualism.aBIOTECH · 2026Review
- Transcriptomic Comparison of Soybean Roots Inoculated with Different Rhizobium Strains During Early Symbiosis.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- A balance between glycitein and glyceollins governed by isoflavone 6-hydroxylase confers soybean resistance toProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Science mapping of root ecology: a bibliometric review covering 2015-2024.Annals of botany · 2025Review
- Single-Cell Omics in Legumes: Research Trends and Applications.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Genome-Wide Identification and Evolutionary Analysis of the GATA Transcription Factor Family in Nitrogen-Fixing Legumes.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Genome-Wide Analysis of GmMYB S20 Transcription Factors Reveals Their Critical Role in Soybean Nodulation.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- One versus many independent assemblies of symbiotic nitrogen fixation in flowering plants.Nature communications · 2025Review
- Enacting partner specificity in legume-rhizobia symbioses.aBIOTECH · 2025Review
- Applying conventional and cell-type-specific CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing in legume plants.aBIOTECH · 2025Review
- Molecular Insights into the Positive Role of Soybean Nodulation by GmWRKY17.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Article
- GmbZIP4a/b Positively Regulate Nodule Number by Affecting Cytokinin Biosynthesis inInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Inorganic nitrogen inhibits symbiotic nitrogen fixation through blocking NRAMP2-mediated iron delivery in soybean nodules.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Conserved cis-elements enable NODULES WITH ACTIVATED DEFENSE1 regulation by NODULE INCEPTION during nodulation.The Plant cell · 2024Article
- Loss of Lateral suppressor gene is associated with evolution of root nodule symbiosis in Leguminosae.Genome biology · 2024Article
- Timely symbiosis: circadian control of legume-rhizobia symbiosis.Biochemical Society transactions · 2024Review
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5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Nodule Inception (NIN) is one of the most important root nodule symbiotic genes as it is required for both infection and nodule organogenesis in legumes. Unlike most legumes with a sole NIN gene, there are four putative orthologous NIN genes in soybean (Glycine max). Whether and how these NIN genes contribute to soybean-rhizobia symbiotic interaction remain unknown. In this study, we found that all four GmNIN genes are induced by rhizobia and that conserved CE and CYC binding motifs in their promoter regions are required for their expression in the nodule formation process. By generation of multiplex Gmnin mutants, we found that the Gmnin1a nin2a nin2b triple mutant and Gmnin1a nin1b nin2a nin2b quadruple mutant displayed similar defects in rhizobia infection and root nodule formation, Gmnin2a nin2b produced fewer nodules but displayed a hyper infection phenotype compared to wild type (WT), while the Gmnin1a nin1b double mutant nodulated similar to WT. Overexpression of GmNIN1a, GmNIN1b, GmNIN2a, and GmNIN2b reduced nodule numbers after rhizobia inoculation, with GmNIN1b overexpression having the weakest effect. In addition, overexpression of GmNIN1a, GmNIN2a, or GmNIN2b, but not GmNIN1b, produced malformed pseudo-nodule-like structures without rhizobia inoculation. In conclusion, GmNIN1a, GmNIN2a, and GmNIN2b play functionally redundant yet complicated roles in soybean nodulation. GmNIN1b, although expressed at a comparable level with the other homologs, plays a minor role in root nodule symbiosis. Our work provides insight into the understanding of the asymmetrically redundant function of GmNIN genes in soybean.
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