ReviewExpert review of vaccines2022
SARS-CoV-2 subunit vaccine adjuvants and their signaling pathways.
Review in Expert review of vaccines, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Combatting Salmonella: a focus on antimicrobial resistance and the need for effective vaccination.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Pooled it
- Rational design of next-generation vaccine adjuvants: From molecular mechanisms to hybrid delivery platforms.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Review
- Chimeric SARS-CoV-2 vaccine vectors stably incorporating the functional glycoprotein of VSV.iScience · 2026Article
- Advances in Therapeutic Melanoma Vaccines (2010-2025).Vaccines · 2026Review
- Identification and protective efficacy characterization of novel immunogenic antigens for Salmonella Enteritidis vaccines.Poultry science · 2026Article
- Integrative bioinformatics approach to the mRNA vaccine development for the human papillomavirus using the capsid protein.Biology direct · 2026Article
- Using Machine Learning to Identify Factors Affecting Antibody Production and Adverse Reactions After COVID-19 Vaccination.Vaccines · 2026Article
- A multi-antigen-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine provides higher immune responses and protection against SARS-CoV-2 variants.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- Biogenic silver nanoparticle as an adjuvant in an S1 subunit recombinant vaccine.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2025Article
- A SARS-CoV-2 vaccine on an NIR-II/SWIR emitting nanoparticle platform.Science advances · 2025Article
- Article
- Gut microbiota is associated with persistence of longer-term BNT162b2 vaccine immunogenicity.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Article
- Structural Characterization and Immune Activation Capacity of Peptidoglycan fromInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- A Dual-Adjuvanted Parenteral-Intranasal Subunit Nanovaccine generates Robust Systemic and Mucosal Immunity Against SARS-CoV-2 in Mice.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Article
- Bioinformatics designing of an mRNA vaccine for Mokola virus (MOKV) using immunoinformatics as a secure strategy for successful vaccine development.BMC immunology · 2024Article
- The Application of Biomaterials for the Vaccine, Treatment, and Detection of SARS-CoV-2.ACS omega · 2024Review
- A novel bacterium-like particles platform displaying antigens by new anchoring proteins induces efficacious immune responses.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- Vaccine adjuvants: mechanisms and platforms.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2023Review
- A COVID-19 vaccine candidate based on SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and immune-stimulating complexes.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionVaccines are the agreed upon weapon against the COVID-19 pandemic. This review discusses about COVID-19 subunit vaccines adjuvants and their signaling pathways, which could provide a glimpse into the selection of appropriate adjuvants for prospective vaccine development studies. AREAS COVERED: In the introduction, a brief background about the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the vaccine development race and classes of vaccine adjuvants were provided. . The antigen, trial stage, and types of adjuvants were extracted from the included articles and thun assimilated. Finally, the pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), their classes, cognate adjuvants, and potential signaling pathways were comprehended. EXPERT OPINION: Adjuvants are unsung heroes of subunit vaccines. The in silico studies are very vital in avoiding several costly trial errors and save much work times. The majority of the (pre)clinical studies are promising. It is encouraging that most of the selected adjuvants are novel. Much emphasis must be paid to the optimal paring of antigen-adjuvant-PRRs for obtaining the desired vaccine effect. A good subunit vaccine/adjuvant is one that has high efficacy, safety, dose sparing, and rapid seroconversion rate and broad spectrum of immune response. In the years to come, COVID-19 adjuvanted subunit vaccines are expected to have superior utility than any other vaccines for various reasons.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.