SynthesisBioMed research international2021
Tear Levels of Inflammatory Cytokines in Keratoconus: A Meta-Analysis of Case-Control and Cross-Sectional Studies.
Synthesis in BioMed research international, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Toll-like receptors in corneal ectasia: linking innate immunity to keratoconus.Molecular biology reports · 2026Pooled it
- The candidate proteins associated with keratoconus: A meta-analysis and bioinformatic analysis.PloS one · 2024Pooled it
- The Diagnostic Value of Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio as an Effective Biomarker for Eye Disorders: A Meta-Analysis.BioMed research international · 2022Pooled it
- Trial
- Response of tear cytokines following intense pulsed light combined with meibomian gland expression for treating meibomian gland dysfunction-related dry eye.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Trial
- Update on the Physiopathology of Keratoconus.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Is it really keratoconus or pseudo-keratoconus? - Topographic mimicry.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026Article
- An Integrative Bioinformatics Framework Nominates Candidate Limbal Stem-Cell Exosome Cargo for Keratoconus by Coupling Corneal Transcriptomics, Disease-Gene Evidence and Extracellular-Vesicle Repositories.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokine Profile in Keratoconus as a Predictor of Five-Year Corneal Cross-Linking Outcomes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Observational
- Hormonal Modulation of Keratoconus: A Systematic Review and Screening Strategy for At-Risk Populations.Ophthalmology science · 2026Review
- Tear Film Inflammatory Biomarkers in Keratoconus: Insights into Disease Severity and Diagnostic Potential.Korean journal of ophthalmology : KJO · 2026Observational
- Biologic therapy is associated with reduced ocular disease in psoriasis: a real-world study.Eye (London, England) · 2026Article
- Tear cytokine profiles between children with allergic conjunctivitis at varying eye rubbing frequencies and keratoconus: A cross-sectional study.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026Article
- Tear MicroRNA-Based Molecular Signature for Keratoconus Stratification: A Cross-Cohort Integration Study.Bioinformatics and biology insights · 2026Article
- Comparison of tear film quantity parameters between keratoconus and normal eyes.International journal of ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Evaluation of systemic inflammatory biomarkers associated with high-density lipoprotein in keratoconus patients: a retrospective case-control study.BMC ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Integration of tear fluid biomarkers and machine learning for the early detection of keratoconus.BMC ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Construction and characteristics of an adjustable biomechanical in vitro corneal stromal model simulating keratoconus pathological features.Materials today. Bio · 2025Article
- The microenvironment of ocular surface in keratoconus: a systematic review.Eye and vision (London, England) · 2025Review
- Persistent Proinflammatory Cytokine Profile in the Tear Fluid of Stable Keratoconus: Rethinking Clinical Quiescence.Translational vision science & technology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTo assess the tear levels of inflammatory cytokines in patients with keratoconus (KC).
designSystemic review and meta-analysis.
methodsThe following electronic databases and search engine were searched: PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. A systematic search of all relevant studies published through January 2021 was conducted, and the standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of cytokine levels were calculated to estimate the pooled effects. Sensitivity analysis, subgroup analysis, and metaregression were applied to explore the sources of heterogeneity.
resultsA total of 7 studies with 374 participants (374 eyes) from clinical studies were included. The tear levels of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1
conclusionsOur meta-analysis demonstrated that proinflammatory cytokines IL-1
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.