ArticleFrontiers in oncology2021
Gene Expression Profiling for Differential Diagnosis of Liver Metastases: A Multicenter, Retrospective Cohort Study.
Article in Frontiers in oncology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cancer of unknown primary: the evolution of tissue of origin identification in the artificial intelligence era.Biomarker research · 2026Review
- Targeted and immunotherapy based on tissue of origin in carcinoma of unknown primary: a two-case report and literature review.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Advancements in Diagnostics and Therapeutics for Cancer of Unknown Primary in the Era of Precision Medicine.MedComm · 2025Review
- The application of tumor origin genetic testing in differential diagnosis of breast metaplastic carcinoma.CytoJournal · 2025Article
- Gene expression profiling for the diagnosis of male breast cancer.BMC cancer · 2024Article
- Upregulation ofGenes · 2024Article
- Application of Machine Learning in Predicting Hepatic Metastasis or Primary Site in Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2023Article
- Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in the Diagnosis and Management of Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms-A Scoping Review.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Deconstructing Immune Cell Infiltration in Human Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Spatiotemporal Evaluation.Genes · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
17 authors at 10 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundLiver metastases (LM) are the most common tumors encountered in the liver and continue to be a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Identification of the primary tumor of any LM is crucial for the implementation of effective and tailored treatment approaches, which still represents a difficult problem in clinical practice.
methodsThe resection or biopsy specimens and associated clinicopathologic data were archived from seven independent centers between January 2017 and December 2020. The primary tumor sites of liver tumors were verified through evaluation of available medical records, pathological and imaging information. The performance of a 90-gene expression assay for the determination of the site of tumor origin was assessed.
resultA total of 130 LM covering 15 tumor types and 16 primary liver tumor specimens that met all quality control criteria were analyzed by the 90-gene expression assay. Among 130 LM cases, tumors were most frequently located in the colorectum, ovary and breast. Overall, the analysis of the 90-gene signature showed 93.1% and 100% agreement rates with the reference diagnosis in LM and primary liver tumor, respectively. For the common primary tumor types, the concordance rate was 100%, 95.7%, 100%, 93.8%, 87.5% for classifying the LM from the ovary, colorectum, breast, neuroendocrine, and pancreas, respectively.
conclusionThe overall accuracy of 93.8% demonstrates encouraging performance of the 90-gene expression assay in identifying the primary sites of liver tumors. Future incorporation of the 90-gene expression assay in clinical diagnosis will aid oncologists in applying precise treatments, leading to improved care and outcomes for LM patients.
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