ArticleWorld journal of psychiatry2021
Thinking about worry: A systematic review and meta-analysis on the assessment of metacognitions in children and adolescents.
Article in World journal of psychiatry, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Informing Cancer Education and School Reintegration After Childhood Cancer: Metacognitive, Psychosocial, and School-Participation Indicators.Journal of cancer education : the official journal of the American Association for Cancer Education · 2026Article
- Validation of the Korean Version of the Meta-Worry Questionnaire Among the General Population.Psychiatry investigation · 2026Article
- Metacognitive Transmission Between Parents and Children in the Context of Anxiety Disorders.Child psychiatry and human development · 2025Article
- Prediction of borderline personality disorder based on childhood trauma with the mediating role of experiential avoidance.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- Do Metacognitions of Children and Adolescents with Anxiety Disorders Change after Intensified Exposure Therapy?Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Intolerance of Uncertainty, Cognitive Avoidance, Positive Beliefs About Worry and Negative Problem Orientation: Relevance to Anxiety Disorders, OCD and Depression in Youth.Clinical psychology & psychotherapyArticle
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe metacognitive model of generalized anxiety disorder identifies three forms of metacognition: Positive metacognitive beliefs about worry (POS), negative metacognitive beliefs about worry (NEG), and meta-worry. Though this model was originally developed relying on adult samples, it has since been applied to children and youth in different studies, and results mostly support its validity for this group. As the roles of POS, meta-worry, and age-effects do not appear to be fully clarified for children and adolescents yet, an integration of studies on children and adolescents and the metacognitive model is both timely and worthwhile.
aimTo summarize the current research on relationships, age-effects, and measurements for POS, NEG, and meta-worry in childhood and youth.
methodsWe carried out a literature search in the electronic databases PsycINFO, PubMed, PSYNDEX, and ERIC in 2017 and updated in 2020. Empirical research in German or English language on metacognition was included with child and adolescent samples diagnosed with anxiety disorders or healthy controls if POS, NEG, or meta-worry were measured. Studies were included for meta-analysis if they reported correlations between these metacognitions and anxiety or worry. Consensus rating for eligibility was done for 20.89% of full-texts with 90.32% agreement. Risk of bias was assessed with the appraisal tool for cross-sectional studies and consensus rating of appraisal tool for cross-sectional studies for 20.83% of included studies attaining agreement of intraclass correlation = 0.898. Overall, correlations between metacognitions, anxiety and worry were calculated with RevMan 5.4.1, assuming random-effects models. Meta-regressions with mean age as the covariate were performed
resultsOverall,
conclusionPOS and NEG are measurable from the age of seven upwards and correlate with anxiety and worry without influences by age. Meta-worry requires further investigation.
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