Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34631435›Full record

ReviewSchizophrenia research. Cognition2022

The relationship between cognition and functioning in schizophrenia: A semi-systematic review.

Saifuddin Kharawala, Claudia Hastedt, Jana Podhorna, Hemlata Shukla, Bregt Kappelhoff, Philip D Harvey

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Schizophrenia research. Cognition, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 86 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
86citing papers in PubMed, 9 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

86 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  13. Article
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  15. Reading body and face language in male schizophrenia.Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2026
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  19. Whole brain grey matter synaptic terminal density, age and intellectual functioning in schizophrenia: an in vivo [Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026
    Article
  20. Article

26 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Saifuddin KharawalaBridge Medical Consulting Ltd., 2 Marsault Court, 11 Kew Foot Road, Richmond TW9 2SS, United Kingdom.
Claudia HastedtBoehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Binger Strasse 173, 55216 Ingelheim, Germany.
Jana PodhornaBoehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Binger Strasse 173, 55216 Ingelheim, Germany.
Hemlata ShuklaBridge Medical Consulting Ltd., 2 Marsault Court, 11 Kew Foot Road, Richmond TW9 2SS, United Kingdom.
Bregt KappelhoffBoehringer Ingelheim bv, De Boelelaan 32, 1083 HJ Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Philip D HarveyUniversity of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1120 NW 14th Street, Suite 1450, Miami, FL, United States of America.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In schizophrenia, impairments in neurocognition (NC) and social cognition (SC) are associated with reduced functional capacity (FC) and poor real-world functioning (RWF). In this semi-systematic review, we examined this association across a range of research questions. We conducted a systematic search in Embase and MEDLINE from 2005 to 2019, and conducted additional pragmatic searches. After screening of titles, abstracts and full-texts, we included 564 citations, of which 44 (26 primary studies, 15 systematic reviews and 3 narrative reviews) were prioritized for reporting. Both NC and SC were significantly associated with functioning, with slightly stronger association for SC. Effect sizes were generally larger for FC than for RWF. NC showed stronger associations with occupational functioning and independent living, and SC with social functioning. Baseline cognition predicted long-term RWF up to 20 years of follow-up, though long-term data were limited for SC. Cognitive remediation improved RWF functioning, especially when it was combined with psychosocial rehabilitation. SC mediated the relationship of NC with functioning. Negative symptoms appeared to mediate and moderate the association of cognition with functioning. Other factors involved included severity of cognitive dysfunction, metacognition, depression and choice of RWF instrument. We discuss potential implications for studies of pharmacological cognitive interventions in schizophrenia - the relevance of both NC and SC, the advantage of adjunctive psychosocial rehabilitation, the role of relevant moderating and mediating variables, and the challenges with RWF instrument selection. Successful cognitive interventions could allow patients with schizophrenia to improve their potential for community functioning.

Indexed as

Cognitive impairmentFunctional capacityReal-world functioningSchizophrenia

Identifiers

PMID34631435
PMCPMC8488595

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.