ArticleObesity science & practice2021
Changes in body mass index, obesity, and overweight in Southern Africa development countries, 1990 to 2019: Findings from the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study.
Article in Obesity science & practice, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Epidemiology of non-communicable diseases among professional drivers in LMICs: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Health promotion international · 2024Pooled it
- Non-communicable disease (NCD) risk among people living with HIV in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: evidence from a randomised trial of community-based differentiated service delivery.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2025Trial
- Weight Changes and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes With Dolutegravir- and Tenofovir Alafenamide Fumarate-Containing Antiretroviral Treatment Regimens During Pregnancy and Postpartum.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2024Trial
- Projected burden of hypertension-associated cardiovascular disease in people living with HIV versus HIV-negative adults in Eswatini.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Individual and community-level factors affecting diabetes screening uptake among adults in 14 low- and middle-income countries: a multilevel mixed-effects analysis of recent demographic and health surveys.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Sociodemographic determinants and prevalence of metabolic risk factors and the metabolic syndrome among women aged 20-49 in kirinyaga county, Kenya.Frontiers in epidemiology · 2026Article
- Obesity in Tanzanian Youth (15-35 Years): From Nutrition Transition to Policy Action-A Scoping Review.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Dietary Fiber as Prebiotics: A Mitigation Strategy for Metabolic Diseases.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Mediating Role of Physical Activity in the Relationship between Personality Traits and Body Mass Index (BMI) among the Participants of the Employees' Health Cohort Study of Iran (EHCSIR): A Generalized Structural Equation Modeling.Iranian journal of public health · 2025Article
- Trends in the burden of most common obesity-related cancers in 16 Southern Africa development community countries, 1990-2019. Findings from the global burden of disease study.Obesity science & practice · 2024Article
- Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and obesity in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients in Gorgan.Caspian journal of internal medicine · 2024Article
- Article
- Time Trend of Overweight and Obesity in Adults from Rio Branco, Acre, Western Brazilian Amazon (2006-2020).Nutrients · 2022Article
- Obesity and sickness absenteeism among health workers in a private hospital in South Africa.South African family practice : official journal of the South African Academy of Family Practice/Primary Care · 2022Article
- A Scoping Review of Policies Related to the Prevention and Control of Overweight and Obesity in Africa.Nutrients · 2021Article
- Changes in body mass index, obesity, and overweight in Southern Africa development countries, 1990 to 2019: Findings from the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study.Obesity science & practice · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundHigh body mass index (BMI) is associated with stroke, ischemic heart disease (IHD), and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). An epidemiological analysis of the prevalence of high BMI, stroke, IHD, and T2DM was conducted for 16 Southern Africa Development Community (SADC) using Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors (GBD) Study data.
methodsGBD obtained data from vital registration, verbal autopsy, and ICD codes. Prevalence of high BMI (≥25 kg/m
resultsObesity in adult females increased 1.54-fold from 12.0% (uncertainty interval [UI]: 11.5-12.4) to 18.5% (17.9-19.0), whereas in adult males, obesity nearly doubled from 4.5 (4.3-4.8) to 8.8 (8.5-9.2). In children, obesity more than doubled in both sexes, and overweight increased by 27.4% in girls and by 37.4% in boys. Mean BMI increased by 0.7 from 22.4 (21.6-23.1) to 23.1 (22.3-24.0) in adult males, and by 1.0 from 23.8 (22.9-24.7) to 24.8 (23.8-25.8) in adult females. South Africa 44.7 (42.5-46.8), Swaziland 33.9 (31.7-36.0) and Lesotho 31.6 (29.8-33.5) had the highest prevalence of obesity in 2019. The corresponding prevalence in males for the three countries were 19.1 (17.5-20.7), 19.3 (17.7-20.8), and 9.2 (8.4-10.1), respectively. The DRC and Madagascar had the least prevalence of adult obesity, from 5.6 (4.8-6.4) and 7.0 (6.1-7.9), respectively in females in 2019, and in males from 4.9 (4.3-5.4) in the DRC to 3.9 (3.4-4.4) in Madagascar.
conclusionsThe prevalence of high BMI is high in SADC. Obesity more than doubled in adults and nearly doubled in children. The 2019 mean BMI for adult females in seven countries exceeded 25 kg/m
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