ReviewExperimental and therapeutic medicine2021
Efficacy of electroconvulsive therapy as a potential first-choice treatment in treatment-resistant depression (Review).
Review in Experimental and therapeutic medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- Brain oscillation-synchronized stimulation for major depression: a randomized controlled trial comparing EEG-triggered repetitive TMS with standard iTBS (Acronym: BOSSFRONT2).European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026Trial
- Sleep Deprivation and Neuronal Hyperexcitation Share Transcriptomic Signatures.Neuropsychopharmacology reports · 2026Article
- Understanding Psychotic Depression.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Review
- Physical Therapy for Treatment-Resistant Depression A Comprehensive Review of Efficacy, Safety, and Evidence Grading.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2026Review
- Molecular Mechanisms of Depression: The Interplay Between Genes and Receptors.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Navigating Therapies, Challenges, and Recommendations for Treatment-Resistant Peripartum Depression: A Comprehensive Review.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- 5-MeO-DMT: An atypical psychedelic with unique pharmacology, phenomenology & risk?Psychopharmacology · 2025Review
- Neurobiological Mechanisms of Electroconvulsive Therapy: Molecular Perspectives of Brain Stimulation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Electroconvulsive therapy improves distal colonic motility via the subdiaphragmatic vagus nerve in depressive-like mice.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Translating Molecular Psychiatry: From Biomarkers to Personalized Therapies-A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Article
- Unexpected Heartbreak: A Case Report of Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy Triggered by Electroconvulsive Therapy.Case reports in cardiology · 2025Article
- Nomogram for estimating the risk of suicide attempts in major depressive disorder: integrating demographic, clinical and biochemical markers - a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- A Systematic Review of Knowledge, Attitude, and Perception Towards Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) in Africa.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2025Review
- Improvement of persistent impairments in executive functions and attention following electroconvulsive therapy in a case control longitudinal follow up study.BMC psychiatry · 2024Observational
- Evaluating Anesthesia Practices, Patient Characteristics, and Outcomes in Electroconvulsive Therapy: A Two-Year Retrospective Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Electroconvulsive therapy in the Fourth Industrial Revolution (Review).Biomedical reports · 2024Review
- Cellular and Molecular Effects of Magnetic Fields.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Understanding the Patient Landscape: A Ten-Year Retrospective Examination of Electroconvulsive Therapy in Romania's Largest Psychiatric Hospital.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- Comparing the antidepressant-like effects of electroconvulsive seizures in adolescent and adult female rats: an intensity dose-response study.Biology of sex differences · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a technique that has been used since 1938 to treat several psychiatric disorders as a replacement for chemically induced seizures. Despite its history of stigma, controversy and low accessibility, ECT is found to be beneficial and efficient in severe cases of depression where medication fails to bring results. Titration tables developed over time, based on evidenced-based medicine, have made this treatment technique safe and, in some cases, the first choice of treatment. The aim of the review was to summarize the research conducted on the efficacy of ECT on major depressive disorder and variables studied such as technique, comorbidities and medication as well as the effects and outcomes of this procedure. At the same time, the application and correlations with other psychiatric and neurological disorders, including catatonia, agitation and aggression in individuals with dementia, schizophrenia, and epilepsy were assessed. There are no statistically demonstrated effects due to the fact that a small number of moderate-quality studies have been published; however, the combination of ECT technique with standard medication and care, can improve patient outcome. Furthermore, with regard to ECT, widespread and robust volume changes in both cortical and subcortical regions have been shown. Antidepressant response and volumetric increases appear to be limited by the specific neuroplasticity threshold of each patient.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.