ReviewFrontiers in genetics2021
What Are the Barriers and Enablers to the Implementation of Pharmacogenetic Testing in Mental Health Care Settings?
Review in Frontiers in genetics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 70 citations in OpenAlex.
- Barriers and facilitators to the implementation of pharmacogenomic testing for antidepressants use in primary care: a systematic review using the consolidated framework for implementation research.The pharmacogenomics journal · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Long-read sequencing of CYP2D6 may improve psychotropic prescribing and treatment outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) · 2024Pooled it
- Patient views on receiving a pharmacogenetic passport - a mixed methods study exploring experiences and use after an opportunistic offer.European journal of human genetics : EJHG · 2026Article
- Understanding public perspectives on direct-to-consumer pharmacogenomic testing in the UK: a qualitative study.The pharmacogenomics journal · 2026Article
- Knowledge and Attitudes Regarding Pharmacogenetics of Pharmacists in the Netherlands: A National Online Survey Study.Journal of evaluation in clinical practice · 2026Article
- Exploring early intervention in psychosis (EIP) perspectives towards pharmacogenomics (PGx) implementation to support antipsychotic prescribing: a multi-method qualitative exploration.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Article
- Real-World Characterization of Psychiatric Pharmacogenomic Test Ordering and Clinical Relevance in Adults and Children.Clinical and translational science · 2025Article
- Clinical Utility of Early Intervention Including the 5-Step Precision Medicine Method in First-Episode Psychosis: Protocol for a Cohort Study With Nested Economic and Process Evaluations.JMIR research protocols · 2025Article
- Article
- Assessing the Impact of Simplified Language on a Patient-Facing Pharmacogenetic Report: A User Comprehension Study.Journal of personalized medicine · 2025Article
- Solanidine-derived CYP2D6 phenotyping elucidates phenoconversion in multimedicated geriatric patients.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2025Observational
- Solanidine-derived CYP2D6 phenotyping elucidates phenoconversion in multimedicated geriatric patients.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2025Observational
- A feasibility study on implementing pre-emptive pharmacogenomics testing in outpatient clinics in Singapore (IMPT study).The pharmacogenomics journal · 2025Article
- Patient and clinician perspectives on pharmacogenetic testing for antipsychotics.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Implementation and integration of a multidisciplinary pharmacogenomics service in an underserved integrated behavioral health clinic.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Development of a Multifaceted Program for Pharmacogenetics Adoption at an Academic Medical Center: Practical Considerations and Lessons Learned.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2024Article
- Normalising the Implementation of Pharmacogenomic (PGx) Testing in Adult Mental Health Settings: A Theory-Based Systematic Review.Journal of personalized medicine · 2024Review
- Using Precision Medicine to Disentangle Genotype-Phenotype Relationships in Twins with Rett Syndrome: A Case Report.Current issues in molecular biology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In psychiatry, the selection of antipsychotics and antidepressants is generally led by a trial-and-error approach. The prescribing of these medications is complicated by sub-optimal efficacy and high rates of adverse drug reactions (ADRs). These both contribute to poor levels of adherence. Pharmacogenetics (PGx) considers how genetic variation can influence an individual's response to a drug. Pharmacogenetic testing is a tool that could aid clinicians when selecting psychotropic medications, as part of a more personalized approach to prescribing. This may improve the use of and adherence to these medications. Yet to date, the implementation of PGx in mental health environments in the United Kingdom has been slow. This review aims to identify the current barriers and enablers to the implementation of PGx in psychiatry and determine how this can be applied to the uptake of PGx by NHS mental health providers. A systematic searching strategy was developed, and searches were carried out on the PsychInfo, EmBase, and PubMed databases, yielding 11 appropriate papers. Common barriers to the implementation of PGx included cost, concerns over incorporation into current workflow and a lack of knowledge about PGx; whilst frequent enablers included optimism that PGx could lead to precision medicine, reduce ADRs and become a more routine part of psychiatric clinical care. The uptake of PGx in psychiatric care settings in the NHS should consider and overcome these barriers, while looking to capitalize on the enablers identified in this review.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.