ReviewFrontiers in immunology2021
The Role of Innate Lymphoid Cells in Chronic Respiratory Diseases.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Immune and inflammatory mechanisms in asthma: insights into epigenetic modifications.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Erythromycin inhibits the differentiation of NCRJournal of thoracic disease · 2026Article
- Spatial and Phenotypic Heterogeneity of ILC Subsets in Mouse Lung Under Type 2 Inflammatory Conditions.European journal of immunology · 2026Article
- Identification and Validation of a Two-Gene NK Cell-Related Risk Model for COPD: Integration of Single-Cell and Bulk RNA-Seq Analysis.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2026Article
- Alveolar macrophage transcriptional signatures associated with resistance to TST/IGRA conversion following Mycobacterium tuberculosis exposure.BMC genomics · 2025Article
- Trained immunity in the lung.eLife · 2025Review
- A user's guide to designing efficient and safe mucosal vaccines: Challenges & potentials.Oxford open immunology · 2025Review
- Dysregulated NK cell activation and myeloid-lymphoid imbalance underpin COPD progression: insights from high-dimensional immune profiling and smoking-induced immune remodeling.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Esophageal ILC2s mediate abnormal epithelial remodeling in eosinophilic esophagitis via Areg-EGFR signaling.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2025Article
- Interplay between Lung Diseases and Viral Infections: A Comprehensive Review.Microorganisms · 2024Review
- Activation of G Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor 1 (GPER) Attenuates Obesity-Induced Asthma by Switching M1 Macrophages to M2 Macrophages.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Euiin-Tang Attenuates Obesity-Induced Asthma by Resolving Metaflammation.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Natural Killer Cells as a Further Insight into the Course of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- Aberrant characteristics of peripheral blood innate lymphoid cells in COPD, independent of smoking history.ERJ open research · 2024Article
- Global research trends on innate lymphoid cells in the brain, gut and lung field: a bibliometric and visualized analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Mesenchymal stem cell application in pulmonary disease treatment with emphasis on their interaction with lung-resident immune cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Bridging Chronic Inflammation and Digestive Cancer: The Critical Role of Innate Lymphoid Cells in Tumor Microenvironments.International journal of biological sciences · 2024Review
- Association of dietary patterns with chronic respiratory health among U.S. adults.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- The Link between Periodontal Disease and Asthma: How Do These Two Diseases Affect Each Other?Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- The Clinical Application of Established and Emerging Biomarkers for Chronic Respiratory Diseases.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The lung is a vital mucosal organ that is constantly exposed to the external environment, and as such, its defenses are continuously under threat. The pulmonary immune system has evolved to sense and respond to these danger signals while remaining silent to innocuous aeroantigens. The origin of the defense system is the respiratory epithelium, which responds rapidly to insults by the production of an array of mediators that initiate protection by directly killing microbes, activating tissue-resident immune cells and recruiting leukocytes from the blood. At the steady-state, the lung comprises a large collection of leukocytes, amongst which are specialized cells of lymphoid origin known as innate lymphoid cells (ILCs). ILCs are divided into three major helper-like subsets, ILC1, ILC2 and ILC3, which are considered the innate counterparts of type 1, 2 and 17 T helper cells, respectively, in addition to natural killer cells and lymphoid tissue inducer cells. Although ILCs represent a small fraction of the pulmonary immune system, they play an important role in early responses to pathogens and facilitate the acquisition of adaptive immunity. However, it is now also emerging that these cells are active participants in the development of chronic lung diseases. In this mini-review, we provide an update on our current understanding of the role of ILCs and their regulation in the lung. We summarise how these cells and their mediators initiate, sustain and potentially control pulmonary inflammation, and their contribution to the respiratory diseases chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.