ReviewFrontiers in neurology2021
Non-stenotic Carotid Plaques in Embolic Stroke of Unknown Source.
Review in Frontiers in neurology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Non-stenotic Carotid Disease: Review of the Literature and Case Discussion of TCAR for Treatment.Seminars in neurology · 2026Review
- Beyond Stenosis: Prevalence and the Characteristics of Nonstenotic Carotid Plaques in Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source.Cerebrovascular diseases extra · 2026Article
- Supracardiac Atherosclerotic Lesions in Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source: Predicting Stroke Recurrence and Enhancing Secondary Prevention Strategies.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Article
- Association Between Carotid Artery Small Plaque on Computed Tomography Angiography and Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source.Neurology international · 2025Article
- Use of optical coherence tomography in selected patients with recurrent cryptogenic stroke: A case series and technical discussion.Interventional neuroradiology : journal of peritherapeutic neuroradiology, surgical procedures and related neurosciences · 2025Article
- Role of Nanotechnology in Ischemic Stroke: Advancements in Targeted Therapies and Diagnostics for Enhanced Clinical Outcomes.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2025Review
- The role of non-stenosing carotid artery plaques in embolic stroke of undetermined source, is it a silent offender? A review of literature.Interventional neuroradiology : journal of peritherapeutic neuroradiology, surgical procedures and related neurosciences · 2024Review
- Clarifying the mechanism of apigenin against blood-brain barrier disruption in ischemic stroke using systems pharmacology.Molecular diversity · 2024Article
- Evidence and Mechanisms for Embolic Stroke in Contralateral Hemispheres From Carotid Artery Sources.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2023Article
- Symptomatic Carotid Atheroma Inflammation Lumen-stenosis score compared with Oxford and Essen risk scores to predict recurrent stroke in symptomatic carotid stenosis.European stroke journal · 2023Article
- Biliverdin Reductase B Is a Plasma Biomarker for Intraplaque Hemorrhage and a Predictor of Ischemic Stroke in Patients with Symptomatic Carotid Atherosclerosis.Biomolecules · 2023Article
- Advances of nanoparticle-mediated diagnostic and theranostic strategies for atherosclerosis.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2023Review
- Advances in Noninvasive Carotid Wall Imaging with Ultrasound: A Narrative Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Review
- Characteristics of non-stenotic carotid plaque in embolic stroke of undetermined source compared with cardiogenic embolism: a retrospective cross-sectional observational study.BMC neurology · 2022Observational
- Interleukin-6 Predicts Carotid Plaque Severity, Vulnerability, and Progression.Circulation research · 2022Article
- Change of Heart: The Underexplored Role of Plaque Hemorrhage in the Evaluation of Stroke of Undetermined Etiology.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2022Review
- ADAMTS-13 activity in stroke of known and unknown cause: Relation to vascular risk factor burden.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Article
- The Relationship Between Aortic Arch Calcification and Recurrent Stroke in Patients With Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source-A Case-Control Study.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Article
- Triglyceride-Glucose Index Is Related to Carotid Plaque and Its Stability in Nondiabetic Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Embolic stroke of unknown source (ESUS) represents one in five ischemic strokes. Ipsilateral non-stenotic carotid plaques are identified in 40% of all ESUS. In this narrative review, we summarize the evidence supporting the potential causal relationship between ESUS and non-stenotic carotid plaques; discuss the remaining challenges in establishing the causal link between non-stenotic plaques and ESUS and describe biomarkers of potential interest for future research. In support of the causal relationship between ESUS and non-stenotic carotid plaques, studies have shown that plaques with high-risk features are five times more prevalent in the ipsilateral vs. the contralateral carotid and there is a lower incidence of atrial fibrillation during follow-up in patients with ipsilateral non-stenotic carotid plaques. However, non-stenotic carotid plaques with or without high-risk features often coexist with other potential etiologies of stroke, notably atrial fibrillation (8.5%), intracranial atherosclerosis (8.4%), patent foramen ovale (5-9%), and atrial cardiopathy (2.4%). Such puzzling clinical associations make it challenging to confirm the causal link between non-stenotic plaques and ESUS. There are several ongoing studies exploring whether select protein and RNA biomarkers of plaque progression or vulnerability could facilitate the reclassification of some ESUS as large vessel strokes or help to optimize secondary prevention strategies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.