Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34629910›Full record

ReviewPsychology research and behavior management2021

A Systematic Review of Systematic Reviews on Blended Learning: Trends, Gaps and Future Directions.

Muhammad Azeem Ashraf, Meijia Yang, Yufeng Zhang, Mouna Denden, Ahmed Tlili, Jiayi Liu, Ronghuai Huang, Daniel Burgos

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Psychology research and behavior management, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
20citing papers in PubMed
49.5field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

20 citing papers in PubMed, 161 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Trial
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Blended learning Component in nursing education: A systematic review.Journal of education and health promotion · 2025
    Review
  9. Article
  10. Young people in iNaturalist: a blended learning framework for biodiversity monitoring.International journal of science education. Part B. Communication and public engagement · 2024
    Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Acceptance of Smart Technologies in Blended Learning: Perspectives of Chinese Medical Students.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023
    Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 5 institutions in 4 countries.

Muhammad Azeem AshrafResearch Institute of Education Science, Hunan University, Changsha, People's Republic of China.ORCID 0000-0003-0133-4056
Meijia YangResearch Institute of Education Science, Hunan University, Changsha, People's Republic of China.
Yufeng ZhangResearch Institute of Education Science, Hunan University, Changsha, People's Republic of China.
Mouna DendenResearch Laboratory of Technologies of Information and Communication & Electrical Engineering (LaTICE), Tunis Higher School of Engineering (ENSIT), Tunis, Tunisia.
Ahmed TliliSmart Learning Institute, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.ORCID 0000-0003-1449-7751
Jiayi LiuSchool of Professional Studies, Columbia University, New York City, NY, USA.
Ronghuai HuangSmart Learning Institute, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
Daniel BurgosResearch Institute for Innovation & Technology in Education (UNIR iTED), Universidad Internacional de La Rioja (UNIR), Logroño, 26006, Spain.ORCID 0000-0003-0498-1101
Hunan University · CNBeijing Normal University · CNColumbia University · USNational Engineering School of Tunis · TNUniversidad Internacional De La Rioja · ES

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Blended Learning (BL) is one of the most used methods in education to promote active learning and enhance students' learning outcomes. Although BL has existed for over a decade, there are still several challenges associated with it. For instance, the teachers' and students' individual differences, such as their behaviors and attitudes, might impact their adoption of BL. These challenges are further exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, as schools and universities had to combine both online and offline courses to keep up with health regulations. This study conducts a systematic review of systematic reviews on BL, based on PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, to identify BL trends, gaps and future directions. The obtained findings highlight that BL was mostly investigated in higher education and targeted students in the first place. Additionally, most of the BL research is coming from developed countries, calling for cross-collaborations to facilitate BL adoption in developing countries in particular. Furthermore, a lack of ICT skills and infrastructure are the most encountered challenges by teachers, students and institutions. The findings of this study can create a roadmap to facilitate the adoption of BL. The findings of this study could facilitate the design and adoption of BL which is one of the possible solutions to face major health challenges, such as the COVID-19 pandemic.

Indexed as

blended learningdistance educationflipped learninghybrid learningliterature reviewresearch trend

Identifiers

PMID34629910
PMCPMC8493276
OpenAlexW3203383716

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.