ArticlePopulation health metrics2021
Gender-specific trends of educational inequality in diagnosed diabetes from 1999 to 2014 in Hong Kong: a serial cross-sectional study of 97,481 community-dwelling Chinese adults.
Article in Population health metrics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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6 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Factors Associated With the Level of Trust in Health Information Robots Among the General Population From a Socioecological Model Perspective: Network Analysis.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Article
- A Scoping Review of Possible Solutions for Decreasing Socioeconomic Inequalities in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.International journal of preventive medicine · 2024Article
- Factors associated with the combination of general and abdominal obesity in middle-aged and older Korean women: a cross-sectional study.Osong public health and research perspectives · 2023Article
- Monitoring socioeconomic inequalities in health in Hong Kong: insights and lessons from the UK and Australia.The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2023Review
- Obesity mediates the opposite association of education and diabetes in Chinese men and women: Results from the REACTION study.Journal of diabetes · 2022Article
- Sex differences in factors associated with prediabetes in Korean adults.Osong public health and research perspectives · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
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Abstract
backgroundGender differences in the trend of educational inequality in diabetes have been widely observed in the Western populations, indicating the increasing importance of educational attainment as a social determinant of diabetes among women. Nonetheless, relevant evidence is scarce in developed Asian settings for comparisons. This study examined the gender-specific trends of educational inequality in diagnosed diabetes in Hong Kong between 1999 and 2014.
methodsA series of eight territory-wide population-representative samples of 97,481 community-dwelling Hong Kong Chinese adults aged 45 or above were surveyed between 1999 and 2014. Regression-based Relative Index of Inequality (RII) and age-standardized Slope Index of Inequality (SII) were adopted to examine the extent and trend of gender-specific educational inequality in self-reported physician-diagnosed diabetes.
resultsAge-standardized prevalence of diabetes increased in both genders over time, with a steeper surge among men. In addition, educational inequalities in diabetes, in both relative and absolute terms, significantly widened among women over the study period (annual RII change = 1.04; 95% CI = 1.02-1.07, annual SII change = 0.36%; 95% CI = 0.16-0.56%), with the peak in 2011 (RII = 2.44; 95% CI = 1.83-3.24, SII = 9.21%; 95% CI = 6.47-11.96%). However, no significant widening inequality was found among men. Further adjustment for household income level did not attenuate the observed educational inequality.
conclusionsDespite a greater increase in diabetes prevalence among men, disparity in diabetes substantially widened across education levels among women in the past decade in Hong Kong. The gender perspective should be taken into considerations for policy making to alleviate the prevalence surge and rising educational inequality in diabetes.
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