Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34628259›Full record

ArticleBrain and language2021

Idiosyncratic use of bottom-up and top-down information leads to differences in speech perception flexibility: Converging evidence from ERPs and eye-tracking.

Efthymia C Kapnoula, Bob McMurray

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Brain and language, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
20citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

20 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Phonetic variability leads to gradient speech perception.Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance · 2026
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. The myth of categorical perception.The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America · 2022
    Review
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Efthymia C KapnoulaDept. of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, United States; DeLTA Center, University of Iowa, United States; Basque Center on Cognition, Brain and Language, Spain. Electronic address: kapnoula@gmail.com.
Bob McMurrayDept. of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, United States; DeLTA Center, University of Iowa, United States; Dept. of Communication Sciences and Disorders, DeLTA Center, University of Iowa, United States; Dept. of Linguistics, DeLTA Center, University of Iowa, United States.

Funding

The Development of Real Time Spoken and Written Word Recognition: Cognitive Bases of Language and Educational OutcomesR01DC008089 · NIDCD · UNIVERSITY OF IOWA · PI MCMURRAY, BOB · 2007 to 2023
$7.3M
NIDCD NIH HHS R01 DC008089
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Listeners generally categorize speech sounds in a gradient manner. However, recent work, using a visual analogue scaling (VAS) task, suggests that some listeners show more categorical performance, leading to less flexible cue integration and poorer recovery from misperceptions (Kapnoula et al., 2017, 2021). We asked how individual differences in speech gradiency can be reconciled with the well-established gradiency in the modal listener, showing how VAS performance relates to both Visual World Paradigm and EEG measures of gradiency. We also investigated three potential sources of these individual differences: inhibitory control; lexical inhibition; and early cue encoding. We used the N1 ERP component to track pre-categorical encoding of Voice Onset Time (VOT). The N1 linearly tracked VOT, reflecting a fundamentally gradient speech perception; however, for less gradient listeners, this linearity was disrupted near the boundary. Thus, while all listeners are gradient, they may show idiosyncratic encoding of specific cues, affecting downstream processing.

Indexed as

Speech PerceptionVoiceCuesEye-Tracking TechnologyHumansPhoneticsSpeechCategorical perceptionCategorizationEEGGradiencyIndividual differencesN100P300Speech perceptionVisual analogue scaleVisual World Paradigm

Identifiers

PMID34628259
PMCPMC11251822

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.