Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34628111›Full record

ArticleWater research2021

Legionella and other opportunistic pathogens in full-scale chloraminated municipal drinking water distribution systems.

Chiqian Zhang, Ian Struewing, Jatin H Mistry, David G Wahman, Jonathan Pressman, Jingrang Lu

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Water research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
21citing papers in PubMed
10.2field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

21 citing papers in PubMed, 62 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Microbial Biofilms Dynamics and Functionality in an UrbanEnvironmental science & technology · 2026
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  4. PCR-BasedMicroorganisms · 2025
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  5. Review
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  7. Laying the groundwork for aJournal of water and health · 2024
    Review
  8. Article
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  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Environmental Monitoring ofInternational journal of environmental research and public health · 2023
    Article
  17. Multi-criterion analysis of the effect of physico-chemical microbiological agents onFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023
    Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Chiqian ZhangPegasus Technical Services, Inc., Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Ian StruewingOffice of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Jatin H MistryUnited States Environmental Protection Agency, Region 6, Dallas, Texas, USA.
David G WahmanOffice of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Jonathan PressmanOffice of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Jingrang LuOffice of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. Electronic address: lu.jingrang@epa.gov.
Environmental Protection Agency · USMarion Technical College · US

Funding

Intramural EPA EPA999999
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Water-based opportunistic pathogens (OPs) are a leading cause of drinking-water-related disease outbreaks, especially in developed countries such as the United States (US). Physicochemical water quality parameters, especially disinfectant residuals, control the (re)growth, presence, colonization, and concentrations of OPs in drinking water distribution systems (DWDSs), while the relationship between OPs and those parameters remain unclear. This study aimed to quantify how physicochemical parameters, mainly monochloramine residual concentration, hydraulic residence time (HRT), and seasonality, affected the occurrence and concentrations of four common OPs (Legionella, Mycobacterium, Pseudomonas, and Vermamoeba vermiformis) in four full-scale DWDSs in the US. Legionella as a dominant OP occurred in 93.8% of the 64 sampling events and had a mean density of 4.27 × 10

Indexed as

Drinking WaterLegionellaMycobacteriumChlorineWater MicrobiologyChlorineDrinking WaterDisinfectant residualsIndicatorMonochloramineMycobacteriumPseudomonasSpatiotemporal variations

Identifiers

PMID34628111
PMCPMC8629321
OpenAlexW3196168429

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.